Term
| What kind of antipsychotic drugs are there (3)? |
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Definition
-Antischizophrenic or neuroleptic drugs
-Traditional antipsychotic agents (phenothiazines, others)
-Atypical antipsychotics |
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Term
| What is Psychosis and what is it caused by (4)? |
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Definition
-Major emotional disorder with impairment of mental functioning
-Affects normal life
-May be acute or chronic
-Caused by an excess of dopamine, especially in limbic system. |
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Term
| Name 2 Aliphatic Phenothiazines. |
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Definition
-Chlorpromazine
-Triflouperazine |
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Term
| Name a Piperidine Phenothiazine. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 Piperazine Phenothiazines. |
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Definition
-Fluphenazine
-Prochlorperazine |
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Term
| Name one Butyrophenone Phenothiazine. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of Antipsychotic drugs? |
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Definition
| They are Dopamine R antagonists. They block dopamine receptors in the brain. They create a blockade of dopamine Rs in the limbic system. |
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Term
| What are Antipsychotics used for (5)? |
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Definition
-pyschosis
-Schizophrenia
-Severe mania and acute phase of bipolar
-Tourette’s syndrome
-Antiemetic |
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Term
| Pharmacokinetics of Antipsychotic Drugs |
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Definition
-Oral, IM
-Usually in divided doses
-Metabolized in liver and excreted in the urine and feces
-Excretion is very slow
-Slow onset of action (4-6 weeks) |
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Term
| Extrapyramidal Reactions to Antipsychotics (EPSEs) (5) |
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Definition
-Acute dystonia
-Akathisia
-Parkinsonism
-Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
-Tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
| ADRs of Antipsychotics (8) |
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Definition
-Anticholinergic
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Decreased seizure potential
-Sedation
-Endocrine disturbances
-Photosensitivity
-Agranulocytosis (WBC)
-Extrapyramidal effects (see other card) |
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Term
| Nursing Considerations When Administering Antipsychotics (8) |
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Definition
-Review ADRs with patient and family
-Report abnormal muscle movements, twitches
-Inform that several weeks are needed to see effects (up to 2 months)
-Avoid driving if drowsy
-Diabetics should monitor blood glucose more often
-Do not discontinue drug abruptly
-Use gloves when dispensing medication
-Assess therapeutic effects |
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Term
| Goals of Antipsychotic Drug Therapy (4) |
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Definition
-During first week, reduce symptoms
-Normalize sleeping, eating patterns
-Facilitate self care and socialization
-Participate in psychotherapy |
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Term
| What is considered in the selection of an antipsychotic drug for a patient? |
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Definition
-Client’s age
-Physical condition
-Severity, duration of illness
-Frequency of SEs
-Response to drug
-Dosage and route need to be individualized |
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Term
| Name 2 Atypical Antipsychotics and their mechanism of action. |
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Definition
-Clozapine
-Ziprasidone
-They work by blocking dopamine and serotonin receptors. There are few or no extrapyramidal agents. |
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