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Antiparasitics/antimalarials
Concepts
39
Astronomy
5th Grade
12/11/2012

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Term
Leading cause of chronic illness and deaths of children in the developing world
Definition
Parasitic infections
Term
major groups of parasites
Definition
Protozoa, Metazoa
Term
single cell eukaryotic organisms
Definition
Protozoa
Term
worms (more evolved eukaryotics)
Definition
Metazoa
Term
most common, the way you treat depends on what species of Plasmodium you have
Definition
malaria
Term
Entamoeba histolytica (Causes dysentery)
Definition
Amebiasis
Term
outbreaks particularly in rural communities, function of failure of adequoate treatment of water or contamination of drinking water
Definition
Giardiasis
Term
one type of vaginitis. Due to an infection essentially 3 pathogens (bacteria, fungal, or this one!)
Definition
Trichomoniasis
Term
Protozoa exist in two forms
Definition
Trophozoite, Cyst
Term
vegetative, potentially invasive form (metabolically most active)
Definition
trophozoite
Term
transmitted form, not metabolically active, more environmentally resistant; get this by consuming parasite like from water, etc
Definition
Cyst
Term
situation in which the parasite moves from outside the body into inside the body carried out by a trophozoite form
Definition
Invasive state
Term
Common opportunistic infections in HIV/AIDs
Definition
Pneumocystosis, Toxoplasmosis, Cryptosporidiosis, microsporidiosis, isosporiasis
Term
Amebiasis = dysentry
Definition
one consumes cyst through contaminated food/water
Term
Giardiasis
Definition
ingestion of dormant cysts; doesn't have an invasive form; only luminal phase
Term
Toxoplasmosis
Definition
one life cycle mediated in non-human hosts; separate life cycle when they invade human host
Term
inactivates protozoal proteins and enzymes
Definition
halogenating agents
Term
well tolerated, use with tissue-active agent (metronidazole)
Definition
lumen-active antiprotozoal in amebiasis
Term
transfer halogens to proteins selectively in parasites- covalently modify/deactivate these proteins; commonly used to treat dysentery in amebiasis
Definition
Iodoquinol
Term
transfers chlorides instead of iodides; not commercially available
Definition
Diloxanide
Term
Reductively activated to free radical; antibacterial and antiprotozoan agent
Definition
Metronidazole
Term
Metronidazole
Definition
99% will be for treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections
Term
Metronidazole spectrum of activity
Definition
DOC in trichomoniasis, giardiasis, and invasive emebiasis
Term
metronidazole AE
Definition
dark urine, N/V/D, metallic taste
Term
do not consume this while taking metronidazole!
Definition
alcohol
Term
most common life-threatening infection (not the same as the most "deadly" life threatening infection)
Definition
malaria
Term
species of malaria that infect humans
Definition
P. falciparum (90%), P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale
Term
stages in plasmodial lifecycle (malaria)
Definition
Exo-erythrocytic (hepatic) stage; ertocytic stage (clinical); sporogonic stage
Term
asymptomatic stage (where the parasite is typically in the liver)
Definition
Exo-erythrocytic stage
Term
clinical stage (in red blood cell)
Definition
erytocytic stage
Term
sexual reproduction in mosquito (not something controlled with drugs, in the mosquito)
Definition
Sporogonic stage
Term
species that invade hepatic cells and enter a stage in their cycle where they congregate in massive numbers in the host, reproduce intracellularly, and eventually decide to leave and cause disease in the RBCs
Definition
falciparum and malariae
Term
do not leave the liver but sleep in the liver (dormant phase)
Definition
plasmodia ovale and vivax
Term
prevents symtpoms of malaria, Primaquine for P. vivax and P. ovale; Proguanil and pyrimethamine for P. falciparun
Definition
Tissue schizonticides
Term
Eradicates parasites in circulation
Definition
Blood schizonticides
Term
inhibits plasmodial detoxification of hemoglobin breakdown products by heme polymerase (accumulation of highly toxic ferric heme)
Definition
aminoquinolines
Term
Aminoquinolines
Definition
as a group, generally poor safety profiles
Term
poor and erratic bioavailability due to low aqueous solubility (hydrophilic semi-synthetic derivatives engineered)
Definition
Artemisinin
Term
combination with sulfadoxine (+/- quinine) in short-course treatment of drug-resistant falciparum malaria
Definition
Pyrimethamine
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