Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Antiparasitic
chapter 15 drugs
24
Pharmacology
Not Applicable
12/09/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Endoparasites
Definition
live within the body of the host and cause internal parasite infections
Term
Ectoparasites
Definition
live on the body surface of the host and cause external parasite infestations
Term
Helminths
Definition

are worms found primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, and circulatory system

The two major groups:

Nematodes(roundworms) (ascarids,hookworms,lungworms,threadworm,whipworm, kidney worm, bladder worm, heartworm)

Platyhelminths(flatworms)

Cestodes (tapeworms)

Trematodes (lung flukes)

Term
Anthelmintics
Definition

kill worm parasites.

  • Antinematodal
  • Anticestodal
  • Antitrematodal

water-soluble=orally

soluble compounds= orally as solution, topically as pour-on, or via injection

Term
Ectoparasiticedes
Definition

treat arthropod infections (insects & arachnids)

(insects include; flies, mosquitoes,bots,cuterebra,lice, and fleas)(arachnids include; spiders, scorpians, ticks, and mites)

Term
Antiprotozoals
Definition
treat protozoan parasitic infections
Term
Endectocides
Definition
treat internal parasitic infections and external parasitic infections (insects include; flies, mosquitoes,bots,cuterebra,lice, and fleas)(arachnids include; spiders, scorpians, ticks, and mites)
Term
Antinematodoal drugs
Definition

works against nematodes (ascarids,hookworms, lung worms, threadworms, whipworms, kidney worm, bladder worm, heartworm)

six groups of drugs:

  • Benzimidazoles
  • Imidazothiazoles
  • Tetrahydropyrimidines
  • Organophosphates
  • Piperazines
  • Avermectins/macrocyclic lactones
Term
Benzimidazole
Definition

excellent against nematode infestations-taken orally-

work by interfering with energy metabolism of the worm. rare side effects; vomiting, diarrhea, & lethargy.

Thiabendazole (Tresadermotic)

Oxibendazole (Anthelcide EQ)

Mebendazole (Telmintic)

Fenbendazole (Panacur)

Albendazole (Valbazen)

Febantel/Praziquantal/pyrantel pamoate (Drontal Plus)

Oxenfendazole (Benzelmin synanthic)

Term

thiabendazole

(Tresadermotic)

Definition
  • group: benzimidazole
  • antinematodal drug

works against

ascarids(roundworms) & Strongyles (threadworms)

also has antifungal (yeast)

& anti-inflammatory (earmites) effects.

Suitable for otic preperation

*REFRIDGERATE*

*PO ADMIN*

Term

oxibendazole

 (Anthelcide EQ)

(equine wormer paste)

 

Definition
  • group: benzimidazole
  • antinematodal drug

works against Nematodes (ascarids, hookworms, lung worms, threadworms, whipworms, kidney worm, bladder worm, heartworm)

In dogs, liver toxicity noted

*PO ADMIN*

Term

mebendazole

(Telmintic)

Definition
  • group: benzimidazole
  • antinematodal drug
  • anticestodal drug

works against; ascarids (roungworms), hookworms, cestodes (tapeworms)

liver toxicity has been noted

*PO ADMIN*

Term

fenbendazole

(Panacur)

Definition
  • group: benzimidazole
  • antinematodal drug
  • anticestodal drug
  • antiprotozoal drug
  • antitrematodal drug

works against; nematodes (ascarids,hookworms,lung worms, threadworm, whipworm, kidney worm, bladder worm, heartworm), cestode (Taenia pisiformis), trematodes (flukes)

treats metronidazole-resistant Giardiasis

*PO ADMIN*

 

 

 

Term

albendazole

(Valbazen)

Definition
  • group: benzimidazole
  • anticestodal drug
  • antinematodal drug
  • antitrematodal drug
  • antiprotozoal drug

works against tapeworms(cestodes), flukes (trematode), some nematodes (ascarids, hookworms, lung worms, threadworms, whipworms, kindey worm, bladder worm, heartworm) Giardia (protozoa)

works by interfering with energy metabolism of worm.

not approved in lactating animals

*PO ADMIN*

 

Term

oxenfendazole

(Benzelmin Synanthic)

Definition
Term

febantel

praziquantal/pyrantel pamoate

(Drontal Plus)

Definition
  • group: probenzimidazoles
  • antinematodal drug
  • anticestodal drug
  • antitrematodal drug

works against; all cestodes (tapeworms), flukes (trematodes), nematodes (ascarids, hookworms, lungworms,threadworms,whipworms,kidneyworms, bladder worms, heartworms)

probiotic metabolized into true benzimidazole in animals body.

Term
imidazothiazoles
Definition

second group of antinematodal drugs.

levamisole is an example

Term

levamisole

(Levasole)

(Tramisol)

Definition
Term
tetrahydropyrimidines
Definition

include;

  • pyrantel pamoate
  • pyrantel tartrate
  • morantel tartrate

these drugs are cholinergic agonists that mimic the action of acetylcholine.

This causes initial stimulation and then paralysis of the worm, allowing it to be excreted by the intestine.

somewhat pleasent tasting drug, very safe.

Term

pyrantel pamoate

(Nemex)

(Strongid-T)

 

pyrantel tartrate

(Strongid- C)

 

morantel tartrate

(Rumatel 88)

Definition
  • group: tetrahydropyrimidines
  • antinematodal drug

works against; ascarids (roundworms), pinworms, strongyles (threadworms), hookworms.

cholinergic agonists that mimic the action of acetylcholine, initial stimulation then paralysis of worm.

 

Term

organophosphate

(OP)

Definition

used against both endoparasites and ectoparasites.

have a narrow range of safety, generally given as a feed supplement to beef and dairy cattle.

effective against bots in horses

inhibit cholinesterase, causing acetylcholine to remain active in the neuromuscular junction of parasite.

neurotoxic to parasite and can cause neurologic side effects in the host.

*NO heartworm+ Dogs could cause dyspnea/death.

*DON'T us OP's as extra-label.

Term

trichlorfon

(Trichlorphon)

 

dichlorvos

(Task)

 

coumaphos

(Baymix)

Definition
Supporting users have an ad free experience!