Term
Carbapenems
Mechanism of Action |
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Definition
| Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis |
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Term
Carbapenems
t 1/2
time dependent or dose dependent? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| polymicrobial infections, skin/soft tissue, bone & joint, lower respiratory, intra-abdominal |
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Term
Carbapenems
Adverse Effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Carbapenems Drug interactions |
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Definition
| no concomintant administration of probenicid and meropenem or doripenem |
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Term
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (augmentin) Ped dose |
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Definition
| 20-40 mg/kg/d PO divided q8-12 hr |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 25-50 mg/kg/d PO divided q 6-8 hr |
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Term
| Amoxicillin-Clavulanic Acid (augmentin) Adult dose |
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Definition
250-500 mg PO q 8 hr
500-875 mg PO q 12 hr |
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Term
| First generation cephalosporins |
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Definition
cefazolin
cephalexin
cefadroxil |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 25-100 mg/kg/d PO divided q 6 hr |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
250-500 mg PO daily
2000 mg PO single dose |
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Term
|
Definition
5-12 mg/kg PO daily
30 mg/kg single dose |
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Term
| Erythromycin base adult dose |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Erythromycin base ped dose |
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Definition
| 30-50 mg/kg/day PO divided q 6-8 hrs |
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Term
| Trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole adult dose |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Trimethroprim-sulfamethoxazole ped dose |
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Definition
| 6-20 mg/kg/d PO divided q 6-12 |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 10-30 mg/kg/day PO divided q 6-8 hr |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| 15-35 mg/kg/day PO divided q 6 hrs |
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
PCN half life
time dependent vs concentration dependent? |
|
Definition
30-90 minutes
time dependent |
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Term
|
Definition
| URI, lower respiratory infection, UTI CNS, STI, gram + infections |
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Term
|
Definition
low
macupapular rash, urticaria |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
excreted by kidneys, renal dosing required
widespread resistance has developed |
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Term
|
Definition
| interfere with cell wall synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Beta-lactam clinical uses |
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Definition
| polymicrobial infections, intra-abdominal, GYN, skin and soft tissue, bites, diabetic ulcers |
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Term
| Beta-lactam adverse reactions |
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Definition
| low, no new reactions when added to PCN |
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Term
| Beta-lactam drug interactions |
|
Definition
| physically incompatible with parenteral aminoglycosides |
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Term
|
Definition
renal dosing required
s. aureus, h. influenza and bacteriodes fragilis produce beta lactamase
does not diffuse into brain/CSF |
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Term
|
Definition
| interfere with bacterial cell wall synthesis |
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Term
Cephalosporins
Time dependent vs concentration dependent? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cephalosporins 1st generation used for: |
|
Definition
| g+ skin, UTI, surgery prophylaxis |
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Term
| Cephalosporins 2nd gen. used for: |
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Definition
| CA-Pneumonia, URI, skin infections |
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Term
| Cephalosporins 3rd gen used for: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cephalosporins adverse events |
|
Definition
hypersensitivity similar to PCN
overall, safe, favorable toxicity profile |
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Term
| Cephalosporins drug interactions |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| interferes with cell wall synthesis |
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Term
| Monobactams clinical uses |
|
Definition
| complicated and uncomplicated UTI and URI |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Monobactams Adverse events |
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Definition
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Term
| Monobactams Drug interactions |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| inhibit bacterial DNA replication |
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Term
| Fluroquinolones half life |
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Definition
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Term
| Fluroquinolones clinical uses |
|
Definition
| UTI pneumonia, STI, skin/soft tissue, GI traveller's diarrhea, osteomyelitis |
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Term
| Fluroquinolones adverse reactions |
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Definition
Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, confusion
Rare: QT elongation, tendonitis, peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
| Fluroquinolones drug interactions |
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Definition
| Many! p450--theophylline, warfarin, tizanidine, propranolol and others |
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Term
|
Definition
| 50S subunit to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
| vary from 2-4 hours to 50-60 hours |
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Term
|
Definition
| respiratory infections, skin infections, STI, HIV infections, and other atypical infections |
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Term
| Aminoglycides Adverse reactions |
|
Definition
| nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
G- infections, neutropenic fever, nosocomial G+ cocci
can be combined wtih cell wall active agents for broader coverage |
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Term
|
Definition
| 30 S subunit to inhibit protein sythesis |
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Term
|
Definition
Short: 8 hours
Intermediate: 16-18 hours |
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Term
| Tetracycline Clinical uses |
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Definition
G+, G-, and atypical; acne, lyme, MRSA
alternative to beta-lactams |
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Term
| Tetracycline adverse reactions |
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Definition
| anorexia, N/V, epigastric distress, discoloration of teeth |
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Term
| Sulfonamides Mechanism of action |
|
Definition
| inhibits cell wall growth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Varies from hours to days |
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Term
| Sulfonamides clinical uses |
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Definition
Bactrim is used for UTIs
Used in combination with other drugs due to resistance
Sulfasalazine used for Ulcerative colitis |
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Term
| Sulfonamides Adverse reactions |
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Definition
rash, fever, GI upset--rash usually develops within 1-2 weeks of therapy
Steven Johnson syndrome, vasculitis |
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Term
| Sulfonamides Drug Interactions |
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Definition
| potentiate the affects of warfarin, phenytoin, hypoglycemic agents, methotrexate |
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Term
| Glycopeptides Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Vanco 5-11 hours
Televancin 8 hrs |
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Term
| Glycopeptides Clinical uses |
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Definition
| pts allergic to beta-lactams, MRSA, neutropenic fever, endocarditis, meningitis |
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Term
| Glycopeptides Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| fever & chills, phlebitis, red-man syndrome (associated with rapid infusion) |
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Term
| Glycopeptides Drug Interactions |
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Definition
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Term
| Oxazolidinones Mechanism of Action |
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Definition
| binds to 50S subunit, disrupts protein synthesis |
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Term
| Oxazolidinones clinical uses |
|
Definition
| community or nosocomial pneumonia, skin infections, VRE |
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Term
| Oxazolidinones Adverse Effects |
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Definition
| Diarrhea, nausea, taste changes, vomiting; generally well tolerated |
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Term
| Oxazolidinones Drug Interactions |
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Definition
| This is a weak MAOI, interacts with pseudoephedrine, antidepressants, foods w/ thryamine |
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Term
| Lipopeptides Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
| rapid depolarization of cell membrane action potential |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Lipopeptides clinical uses |
|
Definition
| complicated skin infections, S aureus bacteremia, R sided endocarditis |
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Term
| Lipopeptides Adverse Effects |
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Definition
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Term
| Lipopeptides Interactions |
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Definition
| monitor CPK for those receiving HMG-COa |
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Term
| Clindamycin Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
| binds to 50S subunit to inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Clindamycin Clinical uses |
|
Definition
| Gram +, anaerobic, mixed infections, toxoplasmosis, toxic shock |
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Term
| Clindamycin Adverse Effects |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Clindamycin Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| rare, but used with muscle relaxants can result in neuromuscular blockade |
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Term
| Metronidazole Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
| protein synthesis inhibitor |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Metronidazole Clinical uses |
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Definition
| mixed bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and c. diff |
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Term
| Metronidazole Adverse Effects |
|
Definition
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abd. pain, metallic taste in mouth
rare=seizures, peripheral neuropathy |
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Term
| Metronidazole Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| Increases anticoagulation properties of warfarin, adverse reaction with alcohol, multiple other drug interactions |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
| binds to 50S subunit to inhibit protein synthesis |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol half life |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Chloramphenicol clinical uses |
|
Definition
| Gram +, Gram-, anaerobic infections; bacterial meningitis |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol Adverse reactions |
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Definition
| bone marrow suppression, hematological toxicity; gray-baby syndrome |
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Term
| Chloramphenicol Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
| Increases half life of warfarin, phenytoin, cyclosproins |
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Term
| Rifampin Mechanism of Action |
|
Definition
| inhibits DNA dependent RNA polymerase |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| TB, Meningitis, use in combination w/ cell wall agents to fix Gram+ agents that don't respond to other therapy |
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Term
|
Definition
GI, headache, fever, body fluids turn red/orange
rare=hepatotoxicity |
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Term
| Rifampin Drug Interactions |
|
Definition
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Term
| Nitrofurantoin Mechanism of action |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Nitrofurantoin clinical uses |
|
Definition
| Only used for treatment and prophylaxis of uncomplicated UTI |
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Term
| Nitrofurantoin Adverse Events |
|
Definition
nausea, vomiting
allergic reactions are rare |
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Term
| Nitrofurantoin Drug interactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cephalosporins: GI absorption |
|
Definition
| well absorbed, in some cases, food enhances absorption |
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Term
| Monobactams have what spectrum of antimicrobial activity? |
|
Definition
Gram- organisms--safer alternative to aminoglycosides w/similar spectrum and activity
Good substitute for those at risk for aminoglycoside toxicity |
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Term
| How can coverage of monobactams be increased? |
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Definition
| use in combination with G+ agent |
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|
Term
| What is the most broad-spectrum antibiotic commercially available? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Are carbapenems absorbed after oral admin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered a "dominant" class of antimicrobial agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should Fluoroquinolones and corticosteroids be avoided? |
|
Definition
| increased risk of tendon rupture |
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Term
| What medications/supplements are known to decrease absorption of the Fluoroquinolones? |
|
Definition
| antacides, sucralfate, Mg, Ca, and iron |
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Term
| What cardiac meds should be avoided with Fluoroquinolones? |
|
Definition
| anything that increase QT interval |
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Term
| What is an important treatment consideration with the aminoglycosides? |
|
Definition
narrow range of efficacy vs. toxicity
monitor serum levels--peak/trough |
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|
Term
| Tetracyclines should be administered on an ___________ stomach. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Tetracyclines should not be administered to: |
|
Definition
| pregnant women and children under 8 |
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Term
| What is an important treatment consideration with glycopeptides? |
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Definition
| monitor serum levels--peak/trough when treatment is greater than 3-5 days |
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Term
| Vancomycin is known to be __________toxic. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Vancomycin is effective against the following agents: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vancomycin should be infused over at least _____ (time) to avoid _______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in: |
|
Definition
| those with creatinine clearance <60 |
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