Term
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Definition
| a chemical substance produced by microorganisms which has the capacity to inhibit the growth o bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| any chemical substance used in medical practice. |
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Term
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Definition
| a special group of chemotherapeutic agents used to treat diseases caused by microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| an antimicrobial agent's ability to cause harm to microbes without significant harm to host. |
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of an antibiotic that successfully eliminates a pathogenic organism over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| the maximum tolerable dose per kilogram of body weight, divided by the minimum dose per kilogram of body weight. |
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Term
| Broad Spectrum Antibiotics |
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Definition
| Penicillins, Tetracyclines, Ampicillin, Cephalosporins, Chloramphenicol, |
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Term
| Narrow Spectrum antibiotics |
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Definition
| Nystatin, Polymyxins, Erythromycin, Streptomycin, |
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Term
| 5 modes of antibiotic action on microbes |
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Definition
1. inhibition of cell wall synthesis
2. disruption of cell membrane function
3. inhibition of protein synthesis
4. inhibition of mucleic acid synthesis
5. action as antimetabolites |
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Term
| name of the structure found in Penicillin and Cephalosprorin that can interfere with the cross-links of peptidoglycan in cell wall. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a substance that affects the utilization of intermediate compounds within a metabolic pathway. |
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Term
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Definition
| antibiotic agent that competitively inhibits an enzyme that acts on PABA, which is needed for folic acid synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| an invasion of microbes that are not indigenous to the body system. |
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Term
| 5 Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance |
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Definition
1. Alteration of Targets(ribsomes)
2. Alteration of Membrane permeability
3. Development of new enzymes
4. Alteration of an existing enzyme
5. Alteration of a Metabolic Path |
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Term
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Definition
| resistance to two or more similar antimicrobial agents via a common mechanism. |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of determining which antibiotic is effective at killing a specific microbe. |
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Term
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Definition
| a testing method used to determine the minimal level of diluted antibiotic that is effective. |
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Term
| 8 characteristics of an ideal antimicrobial agent |
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Definition
1. must be soluble in fluid
2. must have selective toxicity
3. toxicity must not be easily altered
4. must be non-allergenic
5. must be maintain stablility in tissues
6. resistance must not be easily aquired
7. must have long shelf life
8. must be reasonably priced |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis |
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Definition
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems |
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Term
| Disrupters of Cell Membrane Function |
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Definition
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Term
| Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis |
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Definition
Aminoglycosides
Tetracyclines
Chloramphenicols
Macrolides (Erythromycin)
Lincosamides |
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Term
| Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Sulfonamides
Isoniazids
Ethambutol
Nitrofurans |
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Term
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Definition
Imidazoles
Polyenes (Nystatin,Amphotericin B)
Griseofulvin
Tinactin
Lamisil |
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Term
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Definition
Ribavirin (Influenza virus)
Zidovudine (AIDS Treatment)
Amantadine (Influenza A)
Interferons |
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Term
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Definition
Quinine (cinchona tree)
Chloroquine (malaria)
Primaquine (malaria)
Metronidazole |
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