Term
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Definition
Bacteriacidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis by preventing cross-linking of peptidoglycan chain
General structure: thiazolidine ring and beta-lactam ring
R group affects stability and resistance |
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Term
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Definition
Potent inhibitor of beta-lactamases
Decreases penicillin resistance |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteriacidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Not stable in acid, narrow spectrum of action
For Gram +ve bacteria
Penicillin G benzathine delays absorption (maintains serum levels for 10 days) |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteriacidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Stable in acid
Similar to Penicillin G |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteriacidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Stable in acid and beta-lactamase resistant |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteriacidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Stable in acid but susceptible to beta-lactamase
Broad spectrum for both Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteriacidal by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Stable in acid but susceptible to beta-lactamase
Broad spectrum for both Gram +ve and Gram -ve bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycosides
Bactericidal via irreversible inhibition of protein synthesis via binding to 30S ribosome
Used against Gram -ve enteric bacteria, often with penicillins
Irreversible damage to cochlear/vestibular cells, reversible damage to kidney tubules |
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Term
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Definition
Broad spectrum bacteriostatic via reversible binding to 30S ribosome at t-RNA acceptor site
Readily binds to Ca2+ in newly formed bones & teeth
Reduced bone growth and discolouration of teeth in children & new offspring |
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Term
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Definition
Bacteriostatic & reversible, first antibiotic used
Structural analog of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
Competitive inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase for synthesis of folic acid
Inhibit both Gram +ve and -ve
Short-acting for UTIs
Insoluble for ulcerative colitis and IBD |
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Term
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Definition
Inhibits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase for synthesis of nucleic acids
Often used in combination with a sulfonamide |
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Term
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Definition
Quinolone
Inhibits bacterial topoisomerase II required for transcription and DNA replication
Broad spectrum, many are b-lactam resistant
Used to treat complicated UTIs, Gram -ve infections but commonly misused & overused |
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Term
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Definition
DNA polymerase inhibitor
Used to treat DNA viruses (Herpes, CMV)
Phosphorylation required |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Deoxythymidine analog
Competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase & chain termination
Phosphorylated 3X
Used to treat retroviruses (HIV) |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
Cytosine analog
Competitive inhibitor of HIV reverse transcriptase & chain termination
Phosphorylated 3X
Used to treat retroviruses (HIV) |
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Term
Neviraprine
Delavirdine
Efavirenz |
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Definition
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
Noncompetitive inhibitors of transcriptase via enzymatic conformational change
Must be combined with 2 other agents
Used to treat retroviruses (HIV) |
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Term
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Definition
Protease inhibitor
Prevents production of mature virion
Metabolized by, and inhibits cytochrome P450 3A4
Used to treat retroviruses (HIV) |
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Term
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Definition
Fusion inhibitor
Used to treat retroviruses (HIV)
Binds to gp41 subunit of viral envelope protein
Prevents fusion of viral and host cell memrbanes |
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Term
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Definition
CCR5 receptor antagonists
Used to treat retroviruses (HIV) in patients infected with treatment-resistant strains
Binds to CCR5 chemokine co-receptor
Prevents fusion of viral and host cell membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Integrase inhibitor
Used to treat retroviruses (HIV) in patients infected with treatment-resistant strains
Binds to viral intgegrase & inhibits integration of viral DNA into host chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
Used to treat influenza (prophylaxis) in high-risk patients
Inhibits viral proton channel M2 involved in fusion with endosome membrane & dissociation of ribonucleoprotein (uncoating) |
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Term
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Definition
Neuroaminidase inhibitor
Binds to active sites & prevents release of virions from host
Used to treat influenza (effective in all strains) |
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Term
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Definition
Nucleoside/nucleotide analog
Inhibits translation of viral mRNA
Used to treat hepatitis (HBV, HCV) |
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Term
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Definition
| HCV-specific protease inhibitors |
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Term
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Definition
| Blocks tubular secretion of penicillin |
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