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Antimicrobial Agents
Antimicrobial terms
53
Pharmacology
Not Applicable
12/16/2011

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Term
Pathogens
Definition
Microorganisms that cause disease
Term
chain of infection
Definition
the route that a pathogen follows as it travels from an infected host to a new host
Term
causative agents
Definition
agents that cause a host to contract a disease
Term
suitable environment
Definition
the host can support the life functions of the agent
Term
susceptible host
Definition
someone whose immune system isn't able to fight an infection
Term
compromised host
Definition
someone whose immune system used to be effective but has become weak due to a long-term illness such as cancer or HIV
Term
virus
Definition
a tiny, yet powerful disease-causing agent
Term
latent
Definition
they can stay in the body without causing any symptoms
Term
envelope
Definition
wraps around the virus and defends the virus against attacks from the host's immune system
Term
protozoa
Definition
one-celled microorganisms that can cause disease
Term
Rickettsia
Definition
a type of bacteria that causes Lyme disease, typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Term
Anti-infective therapy
Definition
to use therapeutic agents, (drugs) to control the infections caused by pathongenic microorganisms
Term
antibiotics
Definition
made from natural substances
Term
antimicrobials
Definition
made from synthetic substances
Term
pharmacological properties
Definition
a drugs characteristics
Term
spectrum of activity
Definition
how effective an antimicrobial agent is against known causative agents
Term
Empirical therapy
Definition
The doctor prescribes an anti-infective based on evidence collected at the infection site although the actual cause of the infection isn't known
Term
Definitive therapy
Definition
Begins after the lab has identified the causative agent. The doctor will know if the infection is caused by a bacteria, a virus or some other pathogen.
Term
Prophylactic therapy
Definition
Is preventive treatment. The physician will give antibiotics to high-risk patients with weakened immune systems even if they don't have a bacterial infection at the time.
Term
asymptomatic
Definition
symptom-free, and without fever, for at least 72 hours
Term
microbial resistance
Definition
the pathogens develop a resistance to the drugs that are being used to fight them
Term
antibiotic spectrum
Definition
how many types of pathogens it can kill
Term
broad-spectrum antibiotic
Definition
works on a wide range of pathogens
Term
narrow-spectrum antibiotic
Definition
works on only a few types of microorganisms
Term
aminoglycosides
Definition
class of antibacterials used to treat serious infections such as tuberculosis and meningitis. Very toxic
Term
mechanism of action
Definition
the way a drug works in the body
Term
bactericidal
Definition
kills bacteria
Term
Ototoxicity
Definition
ear damage that can include hearing loss
Term
Nephrotoxicity
Definition
kidney/renal damage
Term
Streptomycin
Definition
Brand name: None
-for intramuscular use
Term
Amikacin
Definition
Brand name: Amikin
-for IV or IM use
Term
Tobramycin
Definition
Brand name: Nebcin
-for IV use
Term
Semisynthetic cephalosporins
Definition
also known as B-lactam antibiotics, are similar to penicillins.
Term
1st gen cephalosporins
Definition
treat most gram-positive organisms and some gram-negative ones
Term
2nd gen cephalosporins
Definition
treat the same as 1st gen. but treat Haemophilus influenzae and several Proteus strains as well
Term
3rd gen cephalosporins
Definition
treat a greater number of gram-postive organisms than the first and second but fewer gram-negative
Term
4th gen cephalosporins
Definition
work the best against gram-positive organisms but offer very little protection against gram-negative ones
Term
Cephalexin
Definition
Brand: Keflex
-1st gen.
-Oral
Term
Cefoxitin
Definition
Brand: Mefoxin
-2nd gen.
-IV
Term
Cefotaxime moxalactam
Definition
Brand: Claforan
-3rd gen.
-IV
Term
Cefprozil
Definition
Brand: Cefzil
-3rd gen.
-Oral
Term
Cefepime
Definition
Brand: Maxipime
-4th gen.
-IV, IM
Term
Bacteriostatic
Definition
drugs that stop bacterial growth
Term
Clarithromycin
Definition
Brand: Biaxin
-macrolide
-oral
Term
Azithromycin
Definition
Brand: Zithromax
-macrolide
-oral
Term
Erythromycin
Definition
Brand: Eryc
-macrolide
-oral
Term
Dirithromycin
Definition
Brand: Dynabac
-macrolide
-oral
Term
Troleandomycin
Definition
Brand: Tao
-macrolide
-oral
Term
Macrolides
Definition
often used as an alternative anti-infective drug for patients who are allergic to penicillin
Term
Penicillin
Definition
made from the fungus Penicillium and can be either natural or synthetic
Term
anaphylaxis
Definition
a life-threatening side effect that includes symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
Term
anaphylactic shock
Definition
a serious allergic reaction that can turn fatal in minutes
Term
Natural Penicillins
Definition
G: Penicillin G B:Pen, Pfizerpen

G:Penicillin V B:Beepen, Ledercillin
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