Term
| Nalidixic acid is a prototype |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| broadly but weakly bacteriostatic against gram negative bacteria only, no longer used clinically |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Norfloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin/levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Trovafloxacin |
|
|
Term
| Relax negative supercoils/unwinds helix behind transcription bubble |
|
Definition
| Type I DNA topoisomerases |
|
|
Term
| DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in bacteria; burns ATP to reintroduce negative supercoils/rewind helix ahead of bubble |
|
Definition
| Type II DNA topoisomerases |
|
|
Term
| generic word for all enzymes that wind or unwind DNA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Maintain homeostatic superhelical density |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhibitor of folate synthesis and metabolism |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| important one-carbon carrier in several biosynthetic pathways |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| First group of synthetic antibacterial compounds for systemic use |
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Sulfamidochrysoidine, Sulfamethoxazole, Sulfacetamide, Sulfadiazine, Sulfanilamide, Dapsone (a sulfone) |
|
|
Term
| prodrug of Sulfamidochrysoidine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfonamides (not just antibiotics) |
|
Definition
| Sulfanilic acid, Glyburide, Celecoxib, Hydrochlorothiazide, Furosemide, Sulfasalazine |
|
|
Term
| sulfonylurea hypoglycemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Topical anti-inflammatory |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Used for uncomplicated UTI, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium falciparum malaria (+ pyrimethamine), Pneumocystic carinii pneumonitis in AIDS |
|
Definition
| Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprime (SMX/TMP = 5:1) |
|
|
Term
| Ophthalmic drops/ointment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Trimethoprim (TMP), Pyrimethamine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most selective diaminopyrimidine for bacteria (less effective alone than in combo)-- bacteriostatic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diaminopyrimidine more selective for protozoans |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| used in combo with sulfonamide because if you block biosynthetic pathway at two points this is one way to achieve synergism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| competitive inhibitor of dihydropteroate synthetase (exogenous PABA can compete) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sulfonamides spectrum of activity |
|
Definition
| Most strains of streptococci, enteric bacteria, Neisseria, H. influenza, Chlamydia, Toxoplasma, some plasmodia |
|
|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones biopharmaceutics |
|
Definition
| chelates aluminum, magnesium, and calcium to form insoluble complexes; inhibition of CYP450, damage developing cartilage in animals |
|
|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones clinical use |
|
Definition
| Gram positive coverage not considered reliable; very good gram negative coverage, important anti-pseudomonal |
|
|
Term
| anti-pseudomonal activity (fluoroquinolones) |
|
Definition
| pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, UTI and prostitis, |
|
|
Term
| Does not achieve therapeutic levels in blood, used as urinary antiseptic (excreted extremely well into kidneys, renal clearance is so massive there is no build up into bloodstream) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones spectrum of activity |
|
Definition
| gram positive activity and increased gram negative activity including MRSA, streptococci, enterococci, most gram negative enteric, H. influenza, N. gonorrhoeae; |
|
|
Term
| active against Pseudomonas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fluoroquinolones inhibit: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ciprofloxacin has 0-79% resistance to this within 1 year |
|
Definition
|
|
