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AntiHTN Pharm
Exam IV
5
Pharmacology
Professional
04/12/2010

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

Chlorthalidone

Definition

Tx: HTN first choice drug!, edema, CHF, hypocalcemia, diabetes insipidus

Ax: Thiazide diuretic - inital phase: ↑Na+ loss, ↓plasma volume, ↓CO,

Chronic Phase:

↓Peripheral vascular resistance

SE: Hypokalemia→U wave+long QT→vent. arrhythmias

Ms: countermeasures - K+-sparing diuretic, K+ supplements, or combo w/ ACE-I/ARBs

 

 

Term


Verapamil

Diltiazem

Nifedipine

 

Definition

Tx: HTN (esp for pts w/ angina), ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias (slow AV)

Ax: Ca2+ Channel Blockers - directly inhibit L-type Ca2+ channels,

↓Ca2+ influx into mm cells (vascular, cardiomyocytes),

↓periph vascular resistance

SE: verapamil (9%) & diltiazem: AV Block, Bradycardia, CHF, nausea; nifedipine (17%): ankle edema, hypotension, tinnitus

Ms: Type I (V&D): "balanced" heart & vasc. effects

Type II (N): mainly vasc. effects (↓PVR)

Term

 

 

 

Aliskiren

Definition

Tx: HTN- okay alone, but better in combo therapies

Ax: Nonpeptide Renin inhibitor - specific renin inhibitor, dose-dependent effects, possibly more complete inhib of renin-angio-aldost system

Ms: no kinin meta.→no cough or angioneurotic edema

t½=20-45hrs

Term

 

 

 

Captopril

Definition

Tx: HTN in pts w/ comorbidities (CHF, CAD, chronic renal disease EXCEPT renal artery stenosis)

Ax: ACE-Inhibitor - ↓angiotensin II, ↓aldost,

↑renin, ↑bradykinin (PGs vasodiolation), ↓BP + heart remodeling

SE: risk of renal failure in pts w./ renal art. stenosis (massive ↓renal urine flow), cough (5-20%, due to bradykinin), angioneurotic edema, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

 

Term

 

 

 

Candesartan

Definition

Tx: HTN - can use in pts with cough or angioneurotic edema w/ ACE-I

Ax: ARB (AII R Antag.), competitive AT1 inhib.,

dose-dependent ↓ in periph vascular resistance,

more complete inhibition of renin-angio-aldost system

SE: risk of renal failure in pts w/ renal art. stenosis, teratogenic, hyperkalemia

Ms: no ↑ kinin levels, 10,000x higher affinity for AT1 than AT2

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