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Antihistamines
PULM final
27
Aviation
7th Grade
11/24/2012

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Term
What do antihistamines block?
Definition
histamine receptor! NOT histamine release
Term
What are the effects of histamine
Definition
inc mucus secretions
bronchoconstriction
contraction of intestinal smooth mm - leads to diarrhea
Term
What is the DIRECT cardiac effect of histamine? *****TQ
Definition
H2 receptor - increased contractility and increased pacemaker rate.
H1 receptors - reduce contractility
Term
What effect does histamine have on vessels?
Definition
vasodilation- leads to edema (NO mediated)
Term
What drug is an "autocoid?"
Definition
histamine
Term
How does histamine affect ANS?
Definition
blocks cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.
leads to dry mouth, tachycardia and syncope
Term
Where in the body do antihistamines NOT work on H2 receptors?
Definition
In the STOMACH
Term
What is unique to first generation antihistamines? ***
Definition
They cross the BBB, so they cause sedation.
Term
What is unique to second generation antihistamines? ***
Definition
They DO NOT CROSS BBB. Safe for daytime use.
Term
What is a physiological antagonist of ALL histamine receptors that is used for anaphylaxis? *****TQ
Definition
Epinepherine
Term
Why are a lot of first generation antihistamines used as anti-emetics?
Definition
bc they also act on serotonin receptors
Term
What controls vomiting after surgical procedures?
Definition
Promethazine
Term
What drug counteracts the sexual dysfunction SE of SSRI's? Also to increase appetite?
Definition
Cyproheptadine
Term
What pathway do H1 receptors activate? ****TQ
Definition
IP3-DAG
Term
What "OTC Hypnotic" causes sedation and has high potential for abuse?
Definition
Benadyrl (Diphenhydramine)
Term
Which second generation antihistamine has the highest capacity to cause sedation?
Definition
Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
Term
What is used as prophylaxis for motion sickness?
Definition
Diphenhydramine and promethazine
Term
Are anithistamine indicated for use in pregnant women?
Definition
NO, they have teratogenic efffects
Term
What are some indications for use of antihistamines?
Definition
Allergies, Allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria
Term
What is diphenhydramine used for?
Definition
quick action. urticaria nausea, vomiting, vertigo
Term
What drug is CI in children due to development of acute respiratory depression? *******TQ
Definition
Promethazine
Term
What is MOA for Azelastine?
Definition
dual action, blocks H1 R and release of histamine.

used in nasal sprays for allergic rhinitis
Term
Which antihistamine is the LEAST sedative?
Definition
Loratadine
Term
Which antihistamine is approved in infants as young as 6 months? *********TQ
Definition
Cetirizine.
Term
What are some 1st generation antihistamines?
Definition
Diphenhydramine, promethazine, Azelastine, Cyproheptatidine, Hydroxyzine
Term
What are some 2nd gen antihistamines?
Definition
Loratadine, Fexofenadrine, Desloratadine (not OTC), Cetirizine
Term
What is hydroxyzine, just carboxylated?
Definition
Cetirizine
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