Term
| What do antihistamines block? |
|
Definition
| histamine receptor! NOT histamine release |
|
|
Term
| What are the effects of histamine |
|
Definition
inc mucus secretions
bronchoconstriction
contraction of intestinal smooth mm - leads to diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What is the DIRECT cardiac effect of histamine? *****TQ |
|
Definition
H2 receptor - increased contractility and increased pacemaker rate.
H1 receptors - reduce contractility |
|
|
Term
| What effect does histamine have on vessels? |
|
Definition
| vasodilation- leads to edema (NO mediated) |
|
|
Term
| What drug is an "autocoid?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does histamine affect ANS? |
|
Definition
blocks cholinergic and adrenergic receptors.
leads to dry mouth, tachycardia and syncope |
|
|
Term
| Where in the body do antihistamines NOT work on H2 receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is unique to first generation antihistamines? *** |
|
Definition
| They cross the BBB, so they cause sedation. |
|
|
Term
| What is unique to second generation antihistamines? *** |
|
Definition
| They DO NOT CROSS BBB. Safe for daytime use. |
|
|
Term
| What is a physiological antagonist of ALL histamine receptors that is used for anaphylaxis? *****TQ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are a lot of first generation antihistamines used as anti-emetics? |
|
Definition
| bc they also act on serotonin receptors |
|
|
Term
| What controls vomiting after surgical procedures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug counteracts the sexual dysfunction SE of SSRI's? Also to increase appetite? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What pathway do H1 receptors activate? ****TQ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What "OTC Hypnotic" causes sedation and has high potential for abuse? |
|
Definition
| Benadyrl (Diphenhydramine) |
|
|
Term
| Which second generation antihistamine has the highest capacity to cause sedation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used as prophylaxis for motion sickness? |
|
Definition
| Diphenhydramine and promethazine |
|
|
Term
| Are anithistamine indicated for use in pregnant women? |
|
Definition
| NO, they have teratogenic efffects |
|
|
Term
| What are some indications for use of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| Allergies, Allergic rhinitis, chronic urticaria |
|
|
Term
| What is diphenhydramine used for? |
|
Definition
| quick action. urticaria nausea, vomiting, vertigo |
|
|
Term
| What drug is CI in children due to development of acute respiratory depression? *******TQ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is MOA for Azelastine? |
|
Definition
dual action, blocks H1 R and release of histamine.
used in nasal sprays for allergic rhinitis |
|
|
Term
| Which antihistamine is the LEAST sedative? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which antihistamine is approved in infants as young as 6 months? *********TQ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some 1st generation antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| Diphenhydramine, promethazine, Azelastine, Cyproheptatidine, Hydroxyzine |
|
|
Term
| What are some 2nd gen antihistamines? |
|
Definition
| Loratadine, Fexofenadrine, Desloratadine (not OTC), Cetirizine |
|
|
Term
| What is hydroxyzine, just carboxylated? |
|
Definition
|
|
