Term
| IN GENERAL WHAT 2 THINGS DOES THE PANCREAS SECRETE INTO THE GI TRACT? |
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Definition
| BICARBONATE AND DIGESTIVE ENZYMES. 99% OF MASS OF PANCREAS IS TO SECRETE DIGESTIVE ENZYMES |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS DO? |
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Definition
| SMALL ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN THE PANCREAS THAT SECRETE HORMONES. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE ALPHA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS RELEASE? |
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Definition
| GLUCAGON. IT HAS A + INOTRIPIC/CHRONOTROPIC EFECT IN HEART THROUGH CAMP. IT IS CONSIDERED A CATABOLIC HORMONE. IT MOBILIZES GLUCOSE FROM FAT |
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Term
| WHAT DOES THE BETA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS RELEASE? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| SUPPRESSES GLUCAGON RELEASE, HAS SATIETY EFECT, AND SLOWS GASTRIC EMPTYING |
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Term
| WHAT DOES DELTA CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS RELEASE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DOES PP CELLS OF THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS RELEASE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS RELEASED AFTER WE EAT A MEAL? |
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Definition
| INSULIN AND AMYLIN ARE RELEASED FROM THE B-CELLS. INSULIN INCREASES SKELETAL MUSCLE UPTAKE OF GLUCOSE FOR STORAGE. AMYLIN SUPPRESSES ENDOGENOUS GLUCOSE PRODUCTION FROM LIVER. THEY ARE BOTH CONSIDERED GROWTH HORMONES. |
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Term
| WHAT 4 THINGS COUNTER BALANCE TO INCREASE GLUCOSE? |
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Definition
| GLUCAGON, CATECHOLAMINES, GLUCOCORTICOIDS, AND GROWTH HORMONE |
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Term
| WHAT DOES GLUCOCORTICOIDS ANTAGNOIZE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE IS GROWTH HORMONE RELEASED FROM AND WHAT DOES IT REGULATE? |
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Definition
| PITUITARY GLAND. REGULATES GLUCOSE LEVELS |
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Term
| WHAT SHOULD A FASTING GLUCOSE BE? |
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Definition
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Term
| AFTER A MEAL, COMPLEX CARBS ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO WHAT? |
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Definition
| MONOSACCHARIDES (GLUCOSE, GALACTOSE, AND FRUCTOSE) IN THE GI TRACT AND ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE BLOOD STREAM. |
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Term
| WHEN YOU HAVE ELEVATED GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD STREAM WHAT 2 HORMONES DOES THAT SIGNAL TO BE RELEASED? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DOES FLUCAGON-LIKE PEPTIDE (GLP-1) DO? |
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Definition
| IT IS FROM THE GI TRACT AND FURTHER ENHANCES INSULIN RELEASE BY THE B-CELLS |
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Term
| WHERE ARE THE MAIN TARGETS OF INSULIN? (ORGANS) |
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Definition
| ANY ORGAN WHERE THERE ARE A LOT OF INSULIN RECEPTORS. LIVER (MAIN METABOLIC FACTORY), SKELETAL MUSCLE, ADIPOSE TISSUE AND ANY OTHER PALCE THAT CAN STORE OR USE GLUCOSE LIKE BRAIN. |
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Term
| WHAT DOES PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA STIMULATION DO? |
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Definition
| STIMULATION BY FATTY ACID LIGANS CAUSE THE LIVER AND OTHER TISSUES TO LOWER THEIR GLUCOSE PRODUCTION AND INCREASE THEIR SENSITIVITY TO INSULIN. THIS IS THE SYTEM THAT SAYS WE HAVE GLUCOSE IN THE BLOOD AND WE NEED TO EITHER STORE IT OR USE IT. IT DECREASES PRODUCTION AND INCREASES UPTAKE. |
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Term
| IN THE FASTING STATE WHAT DOES THE ALPHA AND BETA CELLS DO? |
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Definition
| ALPHA CELLS INCREASE GLUCAGON SECRETION AND THE BETA CELLS DECREASE GLUCAGON SECRETION BECAUSE THEY RELEASE INSULIN AND AMYLIN |
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Term
| WHAT DOES ADENOSINE 5'-MONOPHASPHATE-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE (AMPK) DO? |
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Definition
| IT IS A COMPLEX ENZYME PATHWAY THAT CAUSES THE BODY TO 1) INCREASE GLUCOSE UPTAKE 2) DECREASE GLUCOSE PRODUCTION 3) HELP ENERGY REGULATION IN LOW-ATP/ENERGY STATES. IT BRINGS FROM ANABOLIC TO CATABOLIC STATE. |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE STRUCTUTE OF AN AMINO ACID PROTEIN WITH 2 PEPTIDE CHAINS CONNECTED BY 2 DISULFIDE BRIDGES? |
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Definition
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Term
| DOES ALMOST ALL TISUES EXPRESS INSULIN RECEPTORS, BUT ENERGY-STORING TISSUES HAVE MUCH HIGHER CONCENTRATION OF THE RECEPTORS? |
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Definition
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Term
| EXTRACELLULAR BINDING OF INSULIN ACTIVATED WHAT RECEPTOR? WHAT DOES THAT DO? |
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Definition
| IT ACTIVATED THE INTRACELLULAR TYROSINE KINASE WHICH DIMERIZES. IN THE LIVER, INSULIN CAUSES GLUCOSE TO BECOME "TRAPPED" IN HEPATOCYTES (STORAGE). IN SKELETAL MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE, INSULIN STIMULATES TRANSLOCATION OF GLUCOSE RECEPTORS/TRANSPORTERS |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE NAME OF THE GLUT RECEPTOR ON SKELETAL MUSCLE? |
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Definition
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Term
| INSULIN IS RAPIDLY BROKEN DOWN BY WHAT ENZYME IN THE LIVER AND KIDNEY? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE CIRCULATING HALF/LIFE OF INSULIN? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DOES INSULIN DO TO THE NA/K ATPASE PUMP? |
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Definition
| CAUSES AN INWARD SHIFT OF POTASSIUM VIA THE ATPASE PUMP. IT SHIFTS POTASSIUM INTO CELL. THAT'S WHY WE GIVE IT FOR HYPERKALEMIA. |
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