chlorpropamide (Diabinese)

tolazamide (Tolinase)

tolbutamide (Orinase)

glimepiride (Amaryl)

glipizide (Glucotrol)

glyburide (DiaBeta)

acarbose (Precose)

miglitol (Glyset)

pioglitazone (Actos)

rosiglitazone (Avandia)

MOA:

Stimulate insulin secretion from beta cells

Beta cell fxn must be present

Improve sensitivity to insulin in tissues

Result: decrease bl glucose

MOA:

Decrease glucose produxn

Increase uptake of glucose by tissues

Do not increase insulin secretion

MOA:

Reversibly inhibit the enzymme alpha-glucosidase in the small intestine, resulting in DELAYED ABSORPTION OF GLUCOSE

**Must be taken with meals to prevent excessive postprandial bl glucose elevations

MOA:

Decrease insulin resistance

"Insulin sensitizing agents"

Increase glucose uptake and use in SKELETALmuscle

Inhibit glucose and triglyceride production in the iver

INDICATIONS:

Used aloone or in combination with other agents and/or diet and lifestyle changes to lower bl glucose levels in pts with t2dm

SE:

Hypoglycemia, hematologic effects, n, epigastric fullness, heartburn

SE:

Abd bloating, n, cramping, diarrhea, metallic taste, reduced Vit B12 levels

SE:

Metformin

SE:

flatulence, diarrhea, abd pain

SE:

Alpha-glucosidase Inhbitor

SE:

Moderate weight gain, edema, mild anemia, hepatic toxicity

SE:

Thiazolidinediones

OPD:

rapid (aspart)

short acting (Regular)

intermediate (NPH/Lente)

long acting (Ultralente)

Glargine

Insulin OPDs

Rapid (Lispro/Aspart)         5-15     1-2 hr    4-6 hr

Short (Regular)                30-60     2-4 hr    6-10 hr

Intermediate (NPH/Lente)   1-2      4-8 hr    10-18 hr

Long (Ultralente)               2-4       8-14     18-24

Glargine                           1-2       Flat       24

insulin aspart (NovoLog)

insulin lispro (Humalog)

NPH (Humulin N, Novolin N)

lente (Humulin L, Novolin L)

CLOUDY

glargine (Lantus)

clear, colorless

Ultralente

white opaque