Term
| What two types of neurons related to depression are very interrelated? |
|
Definition
| Serotonergic and noradrenergic |
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|
Term
| Generally how long does it take for antidepressants to be effective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of molecules do antidepressants work on? What do they do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What intracellular protein do antidepressants work on? |
|
Definition
CREB
Cyclic AMP response elemnt binding protein |
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Term
| At the neuron, what changes are present in people with depression? |
|
Definition
Fewer synapses
Fewer spine
Lower amounts of activity |
|
|
Term
| What molecule in the brain drives synaptic growth? |
|
Definition
| Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) |
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|
Term
| On what neuron is the NE transporter found? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of serotonin and NE release from neurons? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is MAO in the cell? What does it do? |
|
Definition
Inside the mitochondria
Metabolizes monoamines such as serotoin and NE |
|
|
Term
| What kind of transporters does fluoxetine block? Where are these located? |
|
Definition
| Presynaptic serotonin transporters |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of a drug is citalopram? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are examples of atypical antidepressants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of a drugs is bupropion? |
|
Definition
Atypical antidepressant
Weakly blocks dopamine transporter and nicotinic acetycholine receptors |
|
|
Term
| What kind of a drugs is mirtazepine? |
|
Definition
Atypical antidepressant
Blocks H1, 5-HT2, Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors |
|
|
Term
| What is an example of a selective norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of a drugs is venlafaxine? |
|
Definition
| Selective norepinephrine and serotonin reuptake inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What kind of a drug is amitriptyline or imipramine? |
|
Definition
Tricyclic antidepressant
Tertiary! |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between a tertiary and secondary amine? |
|
Definition
| Greater selectivity for blockade of serotonin over NE |
|
|
Term
| What kind of diet do you have to be on while on MAOis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the metabolism of the antidepressants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of the tertiary amines? |
|
Definition
Sedation
Hypotension
Anti-muscarinic
Weight gain |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of the SSRIs? |
|
Definition
GI upset
Decreasedlibido
Headaches, insomnia |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of SNRIs? |
|
Definition
GI upset
Decreased libido
PLUS
Noradrenergic effects |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of bupropion? |
|
Definition
Agitation
Seizures at high doses! |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of mirtazapine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of the MAOis? |
|
Definition
Orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
Sedation
Sexual effects |
|
|
Term
| What are contraindications for MAOis? |
|
Definition
Lots of other CNS depressants: THINK ALCOHOL!
TCAs, SSRIs, SNRIs |
|
|
Term
| What happens after someone stops taking antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Withdrawal symptoms
Flu
Malaise
Insomnia
Imbalance
Hyperarousal |
|
|
Term
| What are use other than depression for the tertiary amine TCA? |
|
Definition
Chronic pain
Delusions
Insomnia
Migrane |
|
|
Term
| What are use other than depression for the tertiary amine TCAs? |
|
Definition
ADD
Bulimia
Diabetic neuropathy
Chronic pain |
|
|
Term
| What are use other than depression for the SSRIs? |
|
Definition
OCD
Panic disorder
PTSD
Anxiety |
|
|
Term
| What are use other than depression for SNRIs? |
|
Definition
Chronic pain
Panic disorder |
|
|
Term
| What are use other than depression for bupropion? |
|
Definition
ADD
SMOKING CESSATION!
PTSD |
|
|
Term
| What are use other than depression for trazodone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are mood stabilizing drugs? What disorders are they used for? |
|
Definition
Lithium
Anticonvusives: valproic acid, carbamazepine, lamotrigine |
|
|
Term
| What are the different anticonvulsive drugs? |
|
Definition
Vaproic acid
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine |
|
|
Term
| IN the cell, what does Li do? |
|
Definition
| Alters the release and second messenger actions of biogenic amines |
|
|
Term
| Does Li do anything to people who have no symptoms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a problem about the administration of Li? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the signs of lithium toxicity? |
|
Definition
2.0 meq/L: nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, sedation, tremor
3.0 meq/L: vomiting, profuse diarhea, coarse tremor, ataxia, mental status changes
4.0 meq/L: coma
5.0 meq/L: death |
|
|
Term
| What are the long term adverse effects of Li? |
|
Definition
Renal: nephrogenic diabetes insipidus; irreversibe
Thyroid: decreased function; reversible |
|
|
Term
| What are the indications for lithium? |
|
Definition
Bipolar disorder
Adjunct to conventional antidepressants |
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