Gram Pos have a thick peptidoglycan wall

Gram Neg have a thin w/ a lipopolysaccharide (2 mems)

G (-)

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

G(-)

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

G(-)

Piperacillin w/ B-lactamase inhibitor

Bacteriostatic drugs (e.g. chloramphenicol, macrolides, tetracyclines)

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Penicillin V reduce normal flora- decrease effectiveness of birth control

Piperacillin can inhibit platelet aggregation (potentiates anti-coagulants)

Diarrhea (most common with amox/clavulanic acid)

-Colitis w/ ampicillin or amoxicillin (C. diff)

-CNS toxicity

Nafcillin primarily hepatic

IV: Amp, Pen G, Nafcillin, Piperacillin

Oral: Amox (better absorbed from gut), Amp, Pen V

Carbapenem

-G(+) cocci, G(-) rods, Enterobacter (anaerobic)

1st generation cephalosporin

(+) Staph and Strep

(-) E. coli, Proteus

3rd generation Cephalosporin

(-) Enterobacter, Serratia, N. gonnorhoeae

gets into CNS well

3rd generation Cephalosporin

(-) Enterobacter, Serratia, N. gonnorhoeae

Pseudomonas

3rd generation Cephalosporin

(-) Enterobacter, Serratia, N. gonnorhoeae

meningitis

*bilary sludging with long-term use

All cephs= toxicity to renal tubular epithelium

G(-) aerobes only

Enterobacter, Pseudomonas

*good for patient with penicillin allergy