Term
|
Definition
D-ala-D-ala analogue!!
gram-positives, syphilis
(also Gram negative cocci) |
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Term
| methicillin, nafcillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin |
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Definition
penicillinase-resistant penicillins
Staph aureus |
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Term
|
Definition
aminopenicillins
H. flu, E. coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, enterococci (HELPSS kill enterococci) |
|
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Term
| ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin |
|
Definition
anti-pseudomonal penicillins
Pseudomonas
(also GNRs and anaerobes like Bacteriodes) |
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Term
|
Definition
1st generation cephalosporins
Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)
AE: vit K def, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides |
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Term
|
Definition
1st generation cephalosporin
Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella (PEcK)
AE: vit K def, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides |
|
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Term
|
Definition
2nd generation cephalosporins
1st gen + H. flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia (HEN PEcKS)
AE: vit K def, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides |
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Term
|
Definition
2nd generation cephalosporin
1st gen + H. flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia (HEN PEcKS)
AE: vit K def, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides |
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Term
|
Definition
2nd generation cephalosporin
1st gen + H. flu, Enterobacter, Neisseria, Serratia (HEN PEcKS)
AE: vit K def, increase nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides |
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Term
|
Definition
3rd generation cephalosporins
Gram negatives |
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Term
|
Definition
3rd generation cephalosporins
Gram negatives |
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|
Term
|
Definition
3rd generation cephalosporins
Gram negatives -- Pseudomonas!! |
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|
Term
|
Definition
4th generation cephalosporins
more Pseudomonas and Gram positives than 3rd generation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Gram negative rods only
resistant to beta-lactamases!! |
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Term
|
Definition
GPC, GNR, anaerobes
cilastatin prevents inactivation in renal tubules |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Gram positives only
binds D-ala-D-ala --> inhibits transglycosylase (elongates and cross links cell wall) --> weak walls
D-ala-D-lac resistant |
|
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Term
|
Definition
aminoglycosides
Gram negative rods
transferases (add acetyl, adenyl, phosphate groups) to inactivate drug |
|
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Term
|
Definition
aminoglycosides
Gram negative rods
transferases (add acetyl, adenyl, phosphate groups) to inactivate drug |
|
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Term
|
Definition
aminoglycosides
Gram negative rods
transferases (add acetyl, adenyl, phosphate groups) to inactivate drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aminoglycosides
Gram negative rods
transferases (add acetyl, adenyl, phosphate groups) to inactivate drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aminoglycosides
Gram negative rods
transferases (add acetyl, adenyl, phosphate groups) to inactivate drug |
|
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Term
|
Definition
tetracycline
Borrelia, Mycoplasma, intracellular bugs (Rickettsia, Chlamydia)
2+ ions prevent gut absorption
resistance -- less uptake, more efflux |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tetracycline
Borrelia, Mycoplasma, intracellular bugs (Rickettsia, Chlamydia)
fecally eliminated!!
2+ ions prevent gut absorption
resistance -- less uptake, more efflux |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tetracycline
Borrelia, Mycoplasma, intracellular bugs (Rickettsia, Chlamydia)
ADH antagonist (for SIADH)
2+ ions prevent gut absorption
resistance -- less uptake, more efflux |
|
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Term
|
Definition
tetracycline
Borrelia, Mycoplasma, intracellular bugs (Rickettsia, Chlamydia)
2+ ions prevent gut absorption
resistance -- less uptake, more efflux
meningitis prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
macrolides
atypical pneumonias
(also GPC, Neisseria)
resistance -- methylate rRNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
macrolides
atypical pneumonias
(also GPC, Neisseria)
resistance -- methylate rRNA |
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Term
|
Definition
macrolides
atypical pneumonias
(also GPC, Neisseria)
resistance -- methylate rRNA |
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Term
|
Definition
fluoroquinolones
GNR of urinary and GI tracts, Neisseria, some Gram positives
inhibits DNA tyrase (topoisomerase II)
resistance -- mutated gyrase
cipro -- meningitis prophylaxis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
fluoroquinolones
GNR of urinary and GI tracts, Neisseria, some Gram positives |
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Term
|
Definition
quinolone
GNR of urinary and GI tracts, Neisseria, some Gram positives |
|
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Term
|
Definition
meningitis (H. flu, Neisseria, Strep pneumo)
plasmid acetyltransferase inactivates drug |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim |
|
Definition
sulfonamides -- PABA analog
trimethoprim -- inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (folinic acid rescue)
Gram positive, Gram negative, Nocardia, Chlamydia, UTIs, Shigella, Salmonella, PCP |
|
|
Term
| sulfisoxazole, sulfadiazine |
|
Definition
sulfonamides -- PABA analog
Gram positive, Gram negative, Nocardia, Chlamydia |
|
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Term
|
Definition
free radical toxic metabolites --> damage DNA
Giardia, Entamoeba, Trichomonas, Gardnerella vaginalis, Anaerobes (Bacteroides, C. difficile), H. pylori (GET GAP) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
creates transmembrane channels
Gram + only (MRSA!!)
NOT for lungs (inactivated by surfactant) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
conversion by catalase-peroxidase (KatG)
decrease synthesis of mycolic acid
peripheral neuropathy -- give B6
fast vs. slow acetylators
resistance -- dec KatG, mutate binding site
prophylaxis for TB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits RNA polymerase
prophylaxis for meningitis (H. flu, Neisseria)
red/orange body fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
effective in ACIDIC phagolysosomes
inhibits pyrazinamidase --> inhibits mycolic acid prod |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit arabinosyltransferase --> decr carbohydrate polymerization of cell wall
optic neuropathy (red-green color blindness, scotoma, decr. visual acuity!!) |
|
|
Term
| prophylaxis dental procedures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recurrent UTI prophylaxis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
linezolid
streptogramins (quinupristin/dalfopristin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
OP -- macrolide
IP -- fluoroquinolone
ICU -- beta-lactam + fluroquinolone/azithromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
binds ergosterol --> resistant by decreasing ergosterol
puts holes in cell membrane
supplement K and Mg
AEs: "shake and bake", nephrotoxicity, hypotension, arrhythmias, anemia, IV phlebitis, elevated LFTs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks P450 from making ergosterol
fluconazole -- cryptococcal meningitis, candidal infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| becomes 5-FU --> blocks DNA/RNA synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits beta-glucan synthesis (of cell WALL)
invasive aspergillosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibits squalene epoxidase (ergosterol synthesis)
onychomycosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
interferes with MT function
dermatophytes |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| blocks plasmodium heme polymerase --> build-up of heme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
blocks uncoating (M2 protein)
influenza A
now all M2 mutated
amantadine -- cerebella toxicity; ramantidine does NOT cross BBB |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit neuraminidase --> prevent release of viruse
both influenza A and B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
inhibit IMP dehydrogenase --> decrease guanine nucleotides
RSV, chronic Hep C |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phosphated by viral kinase --> guanosine analog --> inhibits DNA polymerase
CMV
marrow suppression, renal toxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
phosphated by viral thymidine kinase --> guanosine analog --> inhibits DNA polymerase
HSV, VZV, EBV
famciclovir -- herpes zoster
nephrotoxicity if []>solubility --> crystallization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no kinase needed!!
nephrotox, hypoCa, hypoMg, seizures!! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no kinase needed!!
nephrotoxcity (give with probenecid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
guanosine nucleoside analogue
Hep B |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
protease inhibitors
hyperglycemia, lipodystrophy, hyperlipidemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
integrase inhibitor
hypercholesterol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NNRTI
do NOT require phosphorylation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NNRTI
do NOT require phosphorylation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NNRTI
do NOT require phosphorylation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
nucleoTide RTI
does NOT require phosphorylation
BM suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NRTI
must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase
BM suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NRTI
must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase
BM suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NRTI
must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase
BM suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NRTI
must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase
BM suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NRTI
must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase
BM suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NRTI
must be phosphorylated by thymidine kinase
BM suppression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IFN-alpha -- Hep B and C, Kaposi's
IFN-beta -- MS
IFN-gamma -- chronic granulomatous disease
neutropenia |
|
|
Term
| antibiotics to avoid in pregnancy |
|
Definition
Countless SAFe Moms Take Really Good Care
Clarithromycin -- embryotoxic
Sulfonamides -- kernicterus
Aminoglycosides -- ototoxicity
Fluoroquinolones -- cartilage damage
Metronidazole -- mutagenesis
Tetracyclines -- discolored teeth, inhibits bone growth
Ribavirin -- teratogenic
Griseofulvin -- teratogenic
Chloramphenicol -- grey baby |
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Term
|
Definition
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