Term
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Definition
highly protein bound, long half life
Highly toxic-nephrotoxicity, electrolyte imbalance, fever, hypotension, paresthesia, thrombophlebitis. |
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Term
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Definition
orally or topically
Candidiasis, polular swish and swallow |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Resistance to Anitibacterials |
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Definition
Sensitive-destroy
Resistance-natural acquired
Culture and Sensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| Streptococci, Staphylococci |
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Term
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Definition
| E.coli, klebisella, proteus, salmonella, shigella, pseudomonas, H. influenza |
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Term
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Definition
Treat only one type of organism
PCN, Erythromycin |
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Term
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Definition
Drugs which treat more than one organism.
Cephalsporins treat gram +/-
Tetracycline |
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Term
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Definition
| VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci), MRSA (Methicillin resistant |
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Term
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Definition
Additive: sum of 2 antibiotics
Potentiate
Bactericidal/Bacteriostatic |
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Term
Adverse Reaction
Organ Toxicity |
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Definition
nephrotoxicity (kidney) Hepatotoxicity
(liver) |
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Term
Adverse Reactions:
Superinfection |
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Definition
| infection develops after treatment with an antibiotic because it has disturbed the normal flora. |
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Term
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Definition
| beta-lactam ring interferes with bacterial wall synthesis. Can be both bacteriostatic and bactericidal depending on type and dose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram + broad spectrum (Amoxicillin, and Augmentin gram +/-) |
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Term
Beta-lactamase Inhibitor
Clavulanic acid-Augmentin
Sulbactam-Unasyn
Tazobactam-Zosyn |
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Definition
| drug more powerful and has an extended effect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Allergic reactions-rash (monitor first dose), anaphylactic shock, superinfection, GI disturbance |
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Term
Penicillin
Drug/Drug
Drug/Food Interactions |
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Definition
Food may decrease absorption,
ASA and Probenecid increase Amoxicillin
Erythromicin, tetracycline decrease Amoxicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| highly bound drug, toxicity may result with other highly protein bound drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
First, second, third, fourth generations.
Most are IV, few such as Keflex, Ceclor and Velosef are by mouth. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit cell wall synthesis, half-life short. |
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Term
Cephalosporins
Side Effects |
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Definition
| Allergy, Nephrotoxicity, alteration in blood clotting, GI disturbance. Large doses may effect urine testing for protein or sugar. |
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Term
Cephalosporin
Drug-Drug interaction |
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Definition
Probenecid increases the drug
Loop diuretics, aminoglycosides, vacomycin decrease drug, Tetracycline, erythromycin decrease drug. |
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Term
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Definition
Erythromycin
PCN substitute
inhibits bacterial protein
treat gram + except stap aureus and a few gram - |
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Term
Macrolides
Adverse Reactions |
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Definition
| Hepatotoxicity - esp with tylenol, sulfa, phenothiazides, GI upset, Superinfection, hearing loss, Allergic reactions rare |
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Term
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Definition
| should not be taken with Clindamycin or lincomycin, Caution should be taken with many medications. |
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Term
Extended Macrolides
Biaxin, Zithromax, Erythrocin, Dynabac |
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Definition
| Longer half life, and can be administered only once or twic a day. |
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Term
Lincosamides
Clindamycin, lincomycin |
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Definition
| inhibit bacterial protein synthesis, effective gram + organisms including staph aureus |
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Term
Lincosamides (clindamycin, lincomycin)
Side effects |
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Definition
| anaphylactic shock, colitis, GI disturbance, incompatible with aminophylline, dilantin, barbituates, ampicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| Nephrotoxic, ototoxic-permanent hearing loss, Used to treat drucg resistand staphlococcal infections, requires lab monitoring to prevent toxicity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cardiac surgical prophylaxis if PCN allergy. |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibit protein synthesis, bacteriostatic. broad spectrum treatment of peptic ulcer, respiratory and urinary infections, acne treatment, legionella disease. Should be given on an empty stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| Nephrotoxic, photo sensitivity, GI disturbance, not for pregnant women, superinfection. |
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Term
Tetracycline
Drug food interactions |
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Definition
| should not be taken with milk products, aluminum or magnesium products, antacids or iron containing drugs. |
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Term
Tetracycline
Drug-Drug interactions |
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Definition
| Anticoagulant +/-, Birth Control pills - |
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Term
Aminoglycosides
Gentamycin
Amkacin |
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Definition
| inhibit protein synthesis, treatment of serious infections, mostly IV, due to risk of toxicity, peak and trough levels are usually done |
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Term
Aminogycosides
Adverse Reactions/Side Effects |
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Definition
| ototoxicity or hearing loss, superinfection, agraulocytos, liver problems, photosensitive. |
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Term
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Definition
| interfere DNA enzyme, bactericidal, gram - such as E. coli, uti, bones, respiratory |
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Term
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Definition
| not given with renal disease, pregnancy, hypersensitivity, seizure disorders, crystalluria, superinfetions, seizures, GI disturbance, HA, dizziness, fatigue, photosensitivity. Taken befor meals wiht water. |
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Term
| Quinolones D/D interaction |
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Definition
Probenecid increases drug
Anacids decreade drug
drug increases theophylline. |
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Term
Sulfonamides
Bactrim, Septra |
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Definition
| Bacteriostatic, inhibit synthesis of folic acid, UTI, ear infection, newborn eye prophylaxis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gantrisin rapid absorption and excretion rate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gantanol moderate to slow absorption and slow excretion rate. |
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Term
Sulfonamides
Bactrim
Combination drug |
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Definition
| Bactrim sulfonamide and trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. |
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Term
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Definition
| contraindicated in pts with severe renal and liver damage, watch liver enzymes, BUN. Crystalluria, allergic response, blood disorders, GI disturbance, photosensitivity |
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Term
| Sulfonamides drug/durg interactions |
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Definition
inc anticoagulant effect of warfarin
inc hypoglycemic effects
probencid increases drug |
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Term
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Definition
can cause hypersensitivity
Sivadene used in burn care
ophthalmic solutions used treat conjuctivitis |
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Term
| Urinary antiseptics and antiinfectives |
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Definition
| prevent bacterial growth, treat lower and upper urinary tract infections. Hiprex bactericidal effect is pH is less than 5.5 and used to treat chronic uti.Bactrim and Cipro |
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Term
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Definition
| UTI, bacteriostatic, should be taken with food to decrease potential GI distress |
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Term
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Definition
Phenazopyridine (pyridium) peack 5h duration 6-8 hrs. Adverse reactions agranulocytos, hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, GI disturbance, orange urine, Urecholine is also used as a stimulant to increas bladder function
Ditropan can be used to relax the bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| tinea pedis, meningitis, often opportunistic superfical skin or systemic lung or cns infection. |
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Term
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Definition
Nystatin orally or topically
Candidiasis, popular swish and swallow.
se= anorexia, N/V, diarrhea, stomach cramps and rash. |
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Term
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Definition
| orally, topically, vaginal ointment,tablet, used to treat skin, mouth, and vaginal infections, Micatin- fungal meningitis and fungal UTI |
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Term
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Definition
| pneumocystis carinni pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
| combination drug with Amphotericin B. |
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Term
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Definition
| sometimes used parentally in children and both a topical ointment for skin infections and opthalmic ointment. |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly used in GI tract disorders inflammatory bowel disease, preoperative bowel surgery or absess, or used with other agents to treat peptic ulcers caused by H. pylori |
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