Term
| Modes of Action of Antimicrobial Drugs |
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Definition
Inhibition of cell wall synthesis
Disruption of cell membrane function
Inhibition of protein synthesis (translation)
Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis
Inhibition of enzyme function |
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Term
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Definition
| Kills the bacteria or inhibits growth of other microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits cell division of the bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Fungi and a weird group of bacteria that are sources for our common antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits cell wall synthesis - beta lactam ring |
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Term
| 1st generation penicillin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd generation penicillin - only have to take twice a day. |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd generation penicillin, kill gram - and thus a broader spectrum of microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| (ampicillin + clavulinic acid) the addition of clavulinic acid blocks the bacteria that are resistance to ampicillin so they can be killed by ampicillin. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd generation Penicillin - amoxicillin + clavulinic acid - very popular for skin and respiratory infections. |
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Term
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Definition
| like penicillin with beta lactam ring -Inhibits cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd generation cephalosporin |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st generation cephalosporin |
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Term
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Definition
| powerful cell wall inhibitor treat enterococci and penicillinase produding strains of S. aureus. Now have VRSA - resistance. Completely different structure to Penicillin |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits cell wall synthesis no beta lactam ring as active site. used topically to kill Gm+ Named for a strain fo Bacillus found in a bone infection of a girl named Tracy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria with no cell wall. Drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis would NOT help. |
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Term
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Definition
| target specific proteins or lipids that are unique to a particular pathogenic microbe or group of microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Target a specific protein unique to Pseudomonas species (difficult to kill Gm- bacterial) |
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Term
| Polyenes (amphotericin B, nyastatin) |
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Definition
| targets lipids that are only found in fungal cell membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| kill lots of different microbes. Cell wall acting drugs (except 1st gen. are broad) |
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Term
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Definition
| kill only a few or possibly only one pathogen. All cell membrane acting drugs are narrow spectrum. |
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Term
| Nucleic acid synthesis disruptors |
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Definition
| Replication disruptors - inhibit how DNA and RNA replicates |
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Term
| Floroquinolones (like ciprofloxacin) |
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Definition
| inhibit bacterial DNA gyrases, enzymes that unwind the DNA before DNA replication can occur. Have to find ones that don't affect how human DNA unwinds as well. Nucleic acid synthesis disruptor |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acid synthesis disruptor Binds and crosslinks the DNA double helix so can't unzip for replication or transcription. Affects our DNA too, so not great with selective toxicity. Used for Malaria protozoan when it is inside RBCs, and they don't replicate, but does have side effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleic acid synthesis disruptor inhibits bacterial polymerases so stops transcription and replication. Doesn't affect human polymerases |
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Term
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Definition
| Best drugs in the category, work by disrupting the synthesis of purine nucleotides (adenine and guanine) |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanism uses competition between fake and a real building block for a substance required for metabolism. How sulfa drugs look like PABA (used to make folic acid) but don't work like it. |
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Term
| Bactrim (sulfasoxazole/trimethoprim) |
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Definition
| later generation of sulfa drug which uses synergistic effect (2 drugs working as 1) work together to synthesize keep the bacteria from making folic acid. |
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Term
| Protein synthesis inhibition (translation) |
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Definition
| Take advantage of the different sized ribosomal subunits, so they inhibit translation of bacterial ribosomes. won't bind to our bigger ribosomes. |
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Term
| Aminoglycosides - Streptomycin, gentimycin |
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Definition
| Protein synthesis inhibition - inserts the drug on the 30s subunit so misreads mRNA, makes wrong proteins that don't work. Streptomycin - 8th cranial nerve damage (deafness) |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein synthesis inhibition -Blocks the attachment to tRNA to A receptor site. No peptide bonds form, no elongation, no protein - permanent staining to teeth and bones in formative time not for pregnant women and children |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein synthesis inhibition -Attaches to the 50s piece and stops the peptide bonds from forming, no growing protein - causes fatal aplastic anemia (can't make blood cells) |
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Term
| Macroslides - erythromycin, clindamycin |
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Definition
| Protein synthesis inhibition -Attaches to the 50s piece so that there is no translocation of mRNA, can't move along the subunit -Erythromycin - significan nausea in many people. Biaxcin new gen. less nausea more expensive |
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Term
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Definition
| a second microbial infection caused by disruption of competitive exclusion. Why women get yeast infections after taking antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Healthy balance among all microbes living in and on your body. Keep each other in check. |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetic nucleoside analog - looks like but doesn't function like Adenine, guaunine, thymine, or cytosine. if get incorporated into viral genome it will be unable to replicate in the next cell it infects. AZT - analog to thymine. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Nitrogenous base analogues |
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Definition
| inhibit RNA or DNA synthesis - look like a nucleotide and the nucleic acid synthesis jams when they are inserted instead of a regular nucleotide in the viral nucleic acid. |
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Term
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Definition
| for cytomeglovirus (CMV) Nitrogenous Base analogue. |
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Term
| Zidovudine or azidothymidine (AZT) |
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Definition
| for HIV Nitrogenous Base analogue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Influenza - shortens the duration of symptoms by a couple of days. mechanism unknown thought to act at the level of virus uncoating. |
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Term
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Definition
| Indinavir, saquinadir - block activity necessary for HIV enzymes that are required for HIV to assemble correctly. |
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Term
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Definition
| helps prevent spread of virus to new cells. |
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