Term
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Definition
penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactam, carbapenems
Block Cell Wall Synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| vancomycin, bacitracin, other |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit transpeptidation and activate autocatalytic enzymes; weakens PG cell wall causing osmotic imbalance/lysis |
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Term
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Definition
| Clavulonic acid, sulbactam, tazobactan |
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Term
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Definition
Pen G and V (acid stable)
active against Gram +; some Gram - resistance via penicillase |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxacillin, nafcillin, cloxacillin, methicillin (kills Staph aureus) |
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Term
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Definition
| ampicillin, amoxicillin (more active against Gram- than natural penicillins |
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Term
| Extended spectrum penicillins |
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Definition
pepercillin, ticarcillin
Active against Gram- rods including Pseudomonas |
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Term
| Cephalosporins 1st generation |
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Definition
Cephalexin, cefazolin
non-life threatening infections/prophylaxis; susceptible to lactamases from Gram-; narrow spectrum |
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Term
| 2nd Generation Cephalosporins |
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Definition
Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin
Increased activity against Gram -
More resistant to B-lactamases |
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Term
| 3rd generation Cephalosporins |
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Definition
Ceftriaxone, cefooperazone
Broad spectrum/good CNS penetration |
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Term
| 4th generation cephalosporins |
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Definition
Cefepime
broadest spectrum against Gram+/-
resistant to B-lactamases |
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Term
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Definition
Azteonam
resistant to B-lactamases
effective against Gram- (esp Enterobact.) but not Gram+ |
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Term
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Definition
Imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem
broadest spectrum (gram+/-); resistant to B-lactamases; TOXIC |
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Term
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Definition
| Vancomycin, Bacitracin, others |
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Term
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Definition
| glycopeptide antibiotic; blocks transglycosylation by binding to PG amino acid side chains; Kills Gram + (esp. penicillin resistant staph) |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks dephosphorylation of bactoprenol;; Kill Gram +; administer topically |
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Term
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Definition
cycloserine D-alanine, isoniazid, ethambutol, ethionamide
For acid fast bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| analog blocks cell wall synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits mycolic acid synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits arabinogalactan synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits mycolic acid synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
Against Gram-
damages bacterial plasma membrane |
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Term
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Definition
against Gram+ cocci
Lipopeptide that depolarizes membrane |
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Term
| Quinolones/fluoroquinolones |
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Definition
ciproflaxin, moxifloxin, gatifloxacin
Targets DNA gyrase; against Gram +/- aerobes and fac. aerobes |
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Term
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Definition
Rifampin, rifabutin, rifaximin
inhibits RNA polymerase; against Gram+ and some Gram-; prophylaxis for Neisseria meningitis/H. influenza type B |
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Term
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Definition
metronidazole and tinidazole
Damages DNA; kills anaerobic bacteria, fungi, and parasites; Given with B-lactam |
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Term
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Definition
| sulfonamides, trimethoprim |
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Term
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Definition
SMX, dapsone
inhibits folate synthesis
against Gram+/-; use for UTI's,
allergies common |
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Term
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Definition
TMP
inhibits folate synthesis by inhibiting dihydrofolate reductase |
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Term
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Definition
both act on folate synthesis
kills Gram +/- cocci or bacilli but not anaerobes |
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Term
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Definition
streptamycin, gentamycin, amikacin
Binds 30S subunit; blocks initiation of protein synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
streptamycin, gentamycin, amikacin
Binds 30S subunit; blocks initiation of protein synthesis; against aerobes and fac. aerobes; resistance is slowly developed. |
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Term
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Definition
tetracycline, doxycycline, tigercycline
Binds 30S subunit, stops elongation;
bacteriostatic against some Gram +/- rods and cocci, aerobes, anaerobes, cell wall deficient microbes
Toxicity to bones/teeth and GI |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds 30S, inhibits peptide bond formation by blocking peptidyl transferase; bacteriostatic against Gram+/- ; Toxic |
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Term
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Definition
erythromycin, azithromycin, telithromycin;
Binds 50S subunit, blocks translation and/or inhibits peptide bond formation;
bacteriostatic against Gram+/- and some intracellular; |
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Term
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Definition
| Clindamycin; Binds 50S subunit, inhibits peptide bond formation; Useful against VREF, MRSA and MSSA |
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Term
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Definition
Quinupristin & dalfopristin
Bind different sites on 50S; bacteriostatic separately/bacteriocidal together. Block peptide elongation and peptidyl transferase; Use against Gram+, VREF and Vancomycin resistant Staph |
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Term
| Methenamine & Nitrofurantoin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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