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Antibiotics
Antibiotic coverage
71
Medical
Post-Graduate
02/06/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
MRSA Antibiotics
Definition
Vancomycin, Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Daptomycin, Tigecycline, Fifth gen Cephalosporins
Term
Pseudomonas Antibiotics
Definition
Ceftazidime, Cefepime, Aztreonam, Levofloxacin, Ciprofloxacin, Carbapenems except Ertapenem, Penicillins with anti-lactimases, Tobramycin>Gentamicin
Term
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus Antibiotics
Definition

Ampicillin(Aminopenicillins)

Linezolid

Daptomycin

Tigecycline

Nitrofurantoin

(Tiger LAND)

Term
Meningitis Treatment
Definition

Ampicillin for Listeria and GBS

Ceftriaxone for Nisseria, HiB and S. Pneumo

Vancomycin for MRSA

Steroids for inflammation

Term
Vancomycin Mechanism
Definition

Slowly bactericidal

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Term
Vancomycin Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive: Mainly; (ex. Staph, Strep, Enterococcus, Bacillus)

Gram Negative:None

Anaerobic: None

MRSA: Y

VRE: N

Pseudo: N

Other:

Term
Alpha hemolytic types of Streptococcus
Definition

Partial Hemolysis

Viridans, S. Pneumo, S. milleri, S. bovis

Term
Beta-hemolytic types of Streptococcus
Definition

Complete hemolysis

GAS (pyogenes), GBS (agalactiae), GCS

Term
Gamma-hemolytic types of Streptococcus
Definition

No hemolysis

Enterococcal

Term
Common Meningitis bugs
Definition

Gram positive: S. pneumo, Listeria, MRSA, GBS

Gram Negative:Nisseria, HiB

Other:

Term
Common Pneumonia bugs
Definition

Gram positive: S. Pneumo, S. aureus

Gram Negative: HiB, Legionella, Moraxilla

Other: Mycoplasma, Chlamydophila

Term
Daptomycin Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Broad; MRSA, VRE

Gram Negative:None

Anaerobic: None

MRSA:Y

VRE:Y

Pseudo:N

Other: avoid in pulmonary pneumonia

Term
Daptomycin Mechanism
Definition

Bactericidal

Disrupts cell membrane

Term
Daptomycin Side Effects
Definition
Muscle toxicity
Term
Fluoroquinolones Mechanism
Definition

Bactericidal

Inhibits DNA gyrase

Term
Dosing of problems with fluoroquinolones
Definition
Avoid aluminum, calcium, iron magnesium
Term
Fluoroquinolones general spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Varying

Gram Negative:Varying

Anaerobic:Some varying

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:Some

Term
Ciprofloxacin spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Less

Gram Negative:Good

Anaerobic:Less

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:Y

Term
Moxifloxacin spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good (S. Pneumo)

Gram Negative:Ok

Anaerobic:Some

Other:Does not get into urine

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Term
Levofloxacin spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good(S. pneumo)

Gram Negative: good (Pseudo)

Anaerobic: Weak

Other:

MRSA: N

VRE: N

Pseudo: Y

Term
Fluoroquinolones side effects
Definition

QT prolongation

Tendinopathy

Term
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Mechanism
Definition

Bacteriostatic

Inhibit folate synthesis

Term
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Dosing
Definition

SS 80/400, DS 160/800

Soft tissue infections: 10mg/kg TMP

PCP: 15-20mg/kg TMP

Menigitis: 20mg/kg TMP

Term
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole spectrum
Definition

Gram positive: S. aureus, Nocardia, NOT strep

Gram Negative:Rods

Anaerobic:N

Other:PCP, Toxo

MRSA:Y

VRE:N

Pseudo:Y

Term
Metronidazole mechanism
Definition

Bactericidal

Produces free radicals

Term
Metronidazole Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Ok (Clostridium)

Gram Negative: Ok

Anaerobic: Great

Other: Protozoa

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Term
Colistin Mechanism
Definition

Bactericidal

Attacks cell membranes

Term
Colistin Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Not really

Gram Negative:Good (Klebsiella, Acinetobacter)

Anaerobic: Not really

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:Y

Term
Colistin Side Effects
Definition

Nephrotoxicity

Neurotoxicity

Term
Natural Penicillin Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:

Gram Negative:

Anaerobic:

Other: Mainly Syphilis, GAS, Actinomyces

MRSA:

VRE:

Pseudo:

Term
Penicillinase resistant Penicillins
Definition
Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Methicillin
Term
Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins' Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Yes, (MSSA,listeria no MRSA)

Gram Negative:Good

Anaerobic:N

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Term
Aminopenicillins
Definition
Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Term
Aminopenicillins Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good (listeria)

Gram Negative:Some (HiB)

Anaerobic:N

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:Y

Pseudo:N

Term
Penicillins plus
Definition

Amoxicillin or Ticarcillin with Clavulanic acid

Piperacillin with Tazobactam

Ampicillin with sulbactam

Term
Penicillins plus spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good (good for mixed oral or GI)

Gram Negative:Some

Anaerobic: Good

Other:Not SPACE (Serratia, Pseudo, Acineto, Citro, Entero)

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Term
First generation cephalosporins
Definition
Cefazolin, Cephalexin
Term
First generation cephalosporin spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good

Gram Negative:weak

Anaerobic:N

Other: good for surgical prophylaxis

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Term
Second Generation Cephalosporins
Definition
Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefotetan
Term
Second Generation Cephalosporins spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good

Gram Negative:Some

Anaerobic:N

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Term
Third Generation Cephalosporins
Definition
Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime, etc.
Term
Third Generation Cephalosporins' spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Less (S. pneumo)

Gram Negative:More (H. Inf)

Anaerobic:N

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo: Ceftazidime

Term
Fourth Generation Cephalosporins
Definition
Cefepime
Term
Cefepime Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good

Gram Negative:Good

Anaerobic:Limited

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:Y

Term
Fifth Generation Cephalosporins
Definition
Ceftaroline, Ceftobiprole
Term
Fifth Generation Cephalosporins Spectrums
Definition

Gram positive:Good (S. pneumo)

Gram Negative:Good (Klebsiella)

Anaerobic:

Other:

MRSA:Y

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Term
Carbapenems
Definition
Imipenem, Meropenem, Ertapenem, Doripenem
Term
Carbepenems' spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Good  (except MRSA & entero)

Gram Negative:Good including ESBL

Anaerobic: Good

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:Y (not Ertapenem)

Term
Imipenem Side Effects
Definition
Lower seizure threshold
Term
Aztreonam Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:N

Gram Negative:Good

Anaerobic:N

Other:

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:Y

Term
Tuberculosis Drugs
Definition
Isoniazide, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
Term
Macrolides
Definition
Erythromycin (gernerally only used for diabetic gastroparesis), Azithromycin, Clarithromycin
Term
Macrolides Mech
Definition
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits 50S subunit
Term
Macrolides Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:S. pneumo and Beta-strep, NOT Staph

Gram Negative:H. inf, Moraxella

Anaerobic: N

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Other: Legionella, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, H. pylori, MAC

Term
Lincosamides
Definition
Clindamycin
Term
Clindamycin Mech
Definition
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits 50S subunit
Term
Clindamycin Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:MRSA(Community and D-test neg), TSS, mouth org, osteo

Gram Negative:N

Anaerobic: N

MRSA:Y(Community and D-test neg)

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Other: Attains high concentrations in abscesses

Term
Linezolid mech
Definition
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits 50S subunit
Term
Linezolid Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Cocci only

Gram Negative:N

Anaerobic: Some

MRSA:Y

VRE:Y

Pseudo:N

Other:

Term
Linezolid SE
Definition
Case reports of serotonin syndrome
Bone marrow suppression
Long term use: Peripheral neuropathy and Ocular toxicity
Term
Tetracyclines
Definition
Tetracycline, Minocycline, Doxycycline
Term
Tetracycline Mech
Definition
Bacteriostatic
Inhibits 30S subunit
Term
Tetracyclines Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:S. aureus, coag neg staph

Gram Negative:N

Anaerobic: N

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:N

Other: Mycoplasma, C. psittaci, Chlamydia, Lyme, Rickettsiae, Acne, Syphilis

Term
Tetracycline dosing considerations
Definition
Don't give with Ca, Mg, Fe, Al
Tetracycline has highest urine levels
Term
Tetracycline SE
Definition
Teeth discoloration in children and preg
Photosensitivity
Pill esophagitis
Reversible vertigo (esp Mino)
Term
Tigecycline Mech
Definition
Bacteriostatic Inhibits 30S subunit
Term
Tigecycline Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:Very broad

Gram Negative:Good

Anaerobic: Good

MRSA:Y

VRE:Y

Pseudo:N

Other: No 3P's, (Pseudo, Proteus, Providencia), Does not get high blood levels or urine levels, best for soft tissue infections

Term
Aminoglycosides
Definition
Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, Streptomycin
Term
Aminoglycosides Mech
Definition
Bactericidal
Inhibit 30S subunit
Term
Aminoglycosides Spectrum
Definition

Gram positive:None except in synergy with Beta-lactams for E. Fec

Gram Negative:Esp rods

Anaerobic: None at all

MRSA:N

VRE:N

Pseudo:Tobra>Genta

Other:

Term
Aminoglycosides SE
Definition
Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Rare neuromuscular paralysis
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