Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Antibiotics
Abx
27
Medical
Graduate
06/10/2009

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Cards

Term
What two drugs inhibit the formation of peptidoglycan units?
Definition
Vancomycin and Bacitracin, also the Beta lactams inhibit cross linking of linear peptidoglycan strands (includes the Penicillins and Cephalosporins)
Term
What is the mechanism of action for Vancomycin?
Definition
Inhibits peptidoglycan formation
Term
What is the spectrum for Vancomycin?
Definition
Vancomycin is narrow spectrum, G +
Term
Is Vancomycin absorbed in the GI tract?
Definition
No, and it is usually given IV
Term
How is Vancomycin eliminated from the body?
Definition
renal excretion
Term
List any toxicity associated with Vancomycin
Definition
Nephrotoxic, and hearing loss
Term
What drugs would you use against Vancomycin resistant microbes?
Definition
Quinopristin/ Dalfopristin, Linezolid -> for Vancomycin resistant organisms
Term
Describe the distribution of Vancomycin in the body
Definition
Distributes to most body fluids, but NOT to the CNS
Term
What is the mechanism of action for Bacitracin?
Definition
Bacitracin inhibits peptidoglycan formation
Term
What spectrum is Bacitracin?
Definition
Bacitracin is useful against G + organisms
Term
Describe the absorption/distribution of Bacitracin
Definition
Not absorbed from the GI tract (can be used for GI infections), nephrotoxic- generally limited to topical use
Term
What is the mechanism of action of the Beta Lactam group?
Definition
Beta Lactams inhibit cross linking of linear peptidoglycan strands
Term
Describe the distribution of Penicillin in the body.
Definition
Penicillins do not distribute well to CNS (unless meninges are inflamed), everything else is OK
Term
How is Penicillin eliminated from the body?
Definition
Renal excretion
Term
Which Penicillins are broad spectrum?
Definition
Broad spectrum penicillins include Amoxacillin, Ticarcillin and Piperacillin
Term
Which Penicillins are NOT sensitive to Penicillinase?
Definition
Methicillin, Dicloxacillin and Nafcillin
Term
Name the most common enzyme that opens Beta-lactam rings
Definition
Transpeptidase (covalently binds to beta-lactam, so can be titrated down)
Term
Describe Penicillin Binding Proteins (PBPs)
Definition
PBPs are proteins from the terminal stages of cell wall assembly that are inhibited by Beta Lactams. Transpeptidase is one of these.
Term
Which is more readily absorbed, Pen V oral or Pen G oral?
Definition
Pen V oral is more readily absorbed than Pen G oral (although Pen G IM creates even higher blood concentrations, briefly)
Term
Name two Beta-Lactamase inhibitors
Definition
Clavulonic acid and Tazobactam
Term
Augmentin is a combination of what two compounds?
Definition
Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid
Term
Describe the adverse effects of Azlocillin
Definition
Azlocillin can cause some GI upset, also Bone Marrow supression. It is a broad spectrum penicillin
Term
Which antibiotics are effective against anerobes?
Definition
Piperacillin, clindamycin, Imipenem and 3rd generation cephalosporins
Term
What effect do penicillinases have on Cephalosporins?
Definition
Cephalosporins are resistant to Beta-Lactamases
Term
Name the third generation Cephalosporins. What special group of microbes are they effective against?
Definition
They are Cefotaxime and Cefixime, and are effective against anerobes.
Term
Name the first generation Cephalosporins. Do they distribute well to the CNS?
Definition
First Gen: Cephalexin (oral) and Cephazolin (IM). They do NOT distribute well to the CNS.
Term
What are the adverse effects of the Cephalosporins?
Definition
Cephalosporins can cause bone marrow supression, and RENAL TOXICITY- especially when given with an aminoglycoside!
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