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Antibiotics III
Protein Synthesis
9
Medical
Professional
04/24/2013

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Term
Gentamyicin
Definition
Aminoglycoside: 30S cidal (translation defects) concentration dependant

r = enzymatic inactivation/mutated binding site

GRAM + and GRAM - ONLY (transport via high membrane potential so no anerobe)

JUST RENAL (no cns): typically systemic infection gram - rods

1. NEPHRO and OTOtoxic
2. contraindicated myastinia gravis

inhibits formation initiation complex
Term
Chloramphenicol
Definition
Binds 50S peptidyl transferase elongation

r - enzymatic deactivation

GM -, intracellular, anerobic

GOOD CNS; GREY BABY SYNDROME

1. hemolysis, 2. aplastic anemia, 3.BM supression

use as alternative to tetracyclins for ricketsia infections
Term
Clarithromycin
Definition
Licosamides: 50 S movement from P to A (very end)elongation

r = methylation ribosome
gm +/ anerobes --> REALLY ANEROBIC USE

good distribution POOR CNS

1. CAUSES C-DIFF
2. Horrible diahrea
3. thrombocytopenia

REALLY USED ALTERNATIVE MRSA
Term
Azithromycin, Telithromycin
Definition
Macrolide inhibits translocation
r - enzymatic methylation

gram +/grm -/intracellular...usually used for weird intracellular/mycoplasm

poor cns

MYCOPLASMA/CHLYMIDIA
1. motilin = GI distress
2. toxic arrythmias
Term
Linezolid
Definition
Oxazolinones: prevents initiaztion 70S complex... P 50S site.
NARROW GRM + ONLY

1. neutropenia/neuropathy
2. AVOID SSRI!!!!!

GOOD CND, RESERVE RESESITANT MRSA VREC
Term
Quinupristin/Daltopristin
Definition
streptogramin: Dalto helps Quinu bind...both inhibit elong/trans @ 50S

GM + ONLY --> Skin infections with MRSA...some injection irritation
Term
Doxycyclin/Tigecyclin
Definition
tetracyclins: Block (30S) A site entry of tRNA... STATIC and BROAD (elong)

r = DISPLACEMENT PROTEIN + efflux (TIGECYCLIN BETTER)

2nd line
gm +/- and INTRACELL and SPIRO
(BEST LYME/RICKETSIA DISEASE)

TIGE = last resort for MRSA (poor cns)

chelated by Fe and oral antacids
1. gi distress
2. photosensitivity
3. DISCOLORED BONE/TEETH
Term
30S vs 70S subunit antibiotics
Definition
30 = aminoglycosides/tetracyclines
50 = macrolides, chloramphen, lincosamides, streptogramins, linezolid
Term
protein antibiotics that interact
Definition
chloramphen, macrolides, clindamycin all bind next to eachother on 50S and therefore may reduce additive effects
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