Term
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Definition
Antibiotics are molecules (low molecular weight metabolites) produced by microorganisms that kill other microorganisms or inhibit their growth. |
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Term
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Definition
1.The drug should be low in toxicity to the host’s cells while
destroying or inhibiting the disease agent (selective toxicity).
2. The drug should not induce hypersensitivity (allergy)
3.The drug should be the narrowest spectrum to treat the clinical
4.The host should not destroy, neutralize, or excrete the drug
until after the drug has performed its function (pharmacokinetics).
5.The organism should not readily become resistant to the drug. |
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Term
Bactericidal vs Bacteriostatic |
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Definition
Beta-lactams, vancomycin Tetracyclines, Macrolides,
Anti-folates (1 used)
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycosides,
Rif, Quinolones,
Anti-TB drugs
Anti-folates (2 used) |
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Term
Mode of Action: Cell Wall Synthesis |
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Definition
Cell wall synthesis
Cycloserine
Vancomycin
Bacitracin
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenems |
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Term
Mode of Action: DNA Synthesis
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Definition
DNA Synthesis
Metronidazole
(Gyrase/Topoisomerase)
Quinolones |
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Term
Mode of Action: DNA directed RNA Polymerase |
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Definition
DNA directed
RNA Polymerase
Rifampin |
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Term
Mode of Action: Protein Synthesis 30S Inhibitors |
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Definition
Protein Synthesis
30S Inhibitors
Tetracycline
Spectinomycin
Aminoglycosides (Irreversible, All other Ribosomal inhibitors reversible) |
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Term
Mode of Action: Protein Synthesis 50S Inhibitiors |
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Definition
Protein Synthesis
50S Inhibitors
Macrolides
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin |
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Term
Mode of Action: PABA Folic Acid Metabolism |
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Definition
PABA
Folic Acid
Metabolism
Trimethoprim
Sulfonamides
Dapsone |
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Term
Mode of Action: Cell Membrane |
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Definition
Cell Membrane
Polymyxins
Platensimycin
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Term
Mode of Action: Protein Synthesis |
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Definition
Protein Synthesis
Oxazolidinones |
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Term
Penicillin: Mode of Action |
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Definition
- Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs)
- Synthesize and remodel peptidoglycan
- Penicillin inhibits peptidoglycan biosynthesis at transpeptidase step
- The enzyme is no longer able to to build cell walls, so bacteria cannot reproduce
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Term
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Definition
In contrast to penicillins Disadvantages
Broader spectrum Less potent
More resistant to ß-lactamases More expensive
Low cross reaction with penicillins
In an average pharmacy ~40% of the antibiotics prescribed |
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Term
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Definition
Similar to cephalosporins except Oxygen in ring;
b-lactamases; longer half-life |
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Term
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Definition
Almost all antibiotics affecting cell wall biosynthesis are BACTERICIDAL and require GROWTH |
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Term
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Definition
- Polymyxins: Target phosphatidylethanolamine & Lipid A; cidal Gram negatives only;
- Topical (Neosporin); nephrotoxic; but increasing in use due to lack of available drugs
1.Polyenes: Fungistatic (low), Fungicidal (high)
Amphotericin B, Nystatin
2.Imidizoles/Azoles/Triazoles: Fungistatic
Miconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, etc
3.Allylamines and thiocarbamates: Fungistatic
Terbinafine (dermatophytes)
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Term
Daptomycin- A Cyclic Lipopeptide |
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Definition
1.Approved September 2003 for Tx of complicated skin infections
2.First member of a new class of antibiotics; cidal; IV only
3.Mode of action is distinct from any other approved antibiotic
4.Rapidly kills Gram-positive bacteria by disrupting multiple aspects of bacterial membrane function in presence of calcium; active against MRSA/VRE
5.Emergence of resistance: rare, but 2 documented cases. |
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