Term
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Definition
| Inhibits isoleucyl t-RNA synthetase. Used only topically for skin infections caused by gram positive organisms (S. aureus & S. pyogenes). |
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Term
| What is the normal flora of the bronchi, trachea, accessory sinuses and middle ear? |
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Definition
| these sites are usually STERILE! |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to RNA polymerase. Makes orange body fluids, induces P450 enzymes. Treat Leprosy and Tuberculosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to DNA of mycobacteria and inhibits RNA polymerase. Toxicity - GI upset; stains skin reddish-brown. Rx: Leprosy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit DNA Gyrase and/or Topoisomerase IV --induces supercoils. Rx: UTIs |
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Term
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Definition
| Expanded use of quinolones to both Gram Positive AND Negative bugs. |
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Term
| Ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin. Name their drug class. |
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Definition
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Term
| Clinical Use of Fluoroquinolones? |
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Definition
| Reserved for serious infections for which other antibiotics are ineffective. |
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Term
| what EKG abnormality may be a side effect of Fluoroquinolones? |
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Definition
| prolongation of QTc (corrected Q-T) interval on ECG. |
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Term
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Definition
| mediated by a reduced form of the -NO2 group which forms a highly active radical that binds to DNA and perhaps other critical macromolecules |
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Term
| clinical uses of Metronidazole |
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Definition
trichomonal infections, amebiasis, Giardiasis, Clostridium difficile, anaerobic bacterial infections (bacteriodes)
H. pylori (with other drugs), rosacea (topical gel) |
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Term
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Definition
| binds to the 50s subunit and inhibits formation of fmet-tRNA. Gram positive cocci (MRSA and VREF) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibit binding of the aminoacyl t-RNA to the 30s subunit thus disruption formation of the functional initiation complex. clinical use: gram negative infections. Endocarditis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to 30s bacterial ribosome and prevents attachment of the aminoacyl tRNA to the A site. |
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Term
| Clinical uses of tetracycline |
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Definition
| Broad spectrum: gram positive, gram negative, rickettsia, mycoplasma. Most common Treatment = Acne and Lyme Disease. |
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Term
| Tetracyclines: Side-effects |
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Definition
| Chelates to bone - teeth staining, Phototoxicity (especially with teens with acne) |
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Term
| Name 3 inhibitors of Peptide Bond Formation and Bond Elongation |
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Definition
| Chloramphenical. Clindamycin. Macrolides |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds to the 50s subunit; Inhibits peptidyl synthetase |
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Term
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Definition
| This drug causes dissociation of peptidyl-tRNA from the ribosome. |
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Term
| Clindamycin clinical use: |
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Definition
| Gram positive organisms; also anaerobes especially bacteriodes (anaerobes) |
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Term
| what drug class are the following: Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin, Ketolides |
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Definition
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Term
| What is characteristic of those 4 macrolides? |
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Definition
| they have large lactone rings. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibits translocase (blocks movement of the aminoacyl t-RNA from the “A” site to the “P” site) |
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Term
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Definition
| gram positive cocci, mycoplasma, Legionnaires bacillus, pertussis - can eradicate carrier state, tetanus, campylobacter |
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Term
| Erythromycin side effects |
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Definition
| potentiating effects with: carbamazepine, cyclosporine, digoxin, warfarin, pimozide |
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Term
| Telithromycin (Ketek®) MOA |
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Definition
| Binds to 2 regions of the ribosome, making development of resistence less likely. (P450 inhibitor) |
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Term
| QUINUPRISTIN and DALFOPRISTIN (Synercid) MOA |
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Definition
| Quinupristin binds at same site as macrolides. Dalfopristin binds nearby and deforms 50S ribosome ; enhances Quinupristin binding. |
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Term
| Clinical use of QUINUPRISTIN and DALFOPRISTIN: |
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Definition
| Gram positive cocci, Mycoplasma, Legionella, Chlamydia. 2 uses – vancomycin resistent enterococcus faecium (VREF) and skin infections with staph and strep |
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Term
| What disease would you use these drugs for as a first line means of treatment: isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| INH probably works by inhibition of the biosynthesis of mycolic acids, unique constituents of the mycobacterial cell wall |
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Term
| side effect of Isoniazid (INH)? |
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Definition
| peripheral neuropathy. prevented with vit. B6 (pyridoxine) |
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Term
| What drug is common to any of the four forms of Leprosy (tuberculoid, borderline, indeterminate, lepromatous)? |
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Definition
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