Term
| Antibiotics (sulfonamides, penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones) |
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Definition
| INFECTION/INFLAMMATION: destroy or prevent development of microorganisms |
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Term
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Definition
| INFECTION/INFLAMMATION: inhibits growth and reproduction of microorganisms without necessarily killing them (can be used on tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
| INFECTION/INFLAMMATION: Kills microorganisms (can not be used on tissue) |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotics that can kill bacteria |
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Term
| Bacteriostatic antibiotics |
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Definition
| Antibiotics that inhibit bacteria growth, rather than killing them |
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Term
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Definition
| Administration of antibiotics based on clinical judgement of pathogens most likely to be causing infection. Broad-spectrum; take culture before administering |
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Term
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Definition
| Administration of antibiotics based on known results of culture and sensitivity of pathogen responsible for infection. Narrow/spectrum; focused treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotics taken before anticipated exposure to an infectious agent in order to prevent development of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotic therapy that results in sufficient concentrations of the drug in blood or other tissues to make it effective against specific pathogens |
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Term
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Definition
| Antibiotic therapy that is ineffective in treating a given infection |
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Term
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Definition
| An infection occurring during antimicrobial treatment of a primary infection, resulting from overgrowth of another organism. Or, a secondary infection developing due to a weakened immune system from fighting the primary infection |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad-spectrum; bacteriostatic; 'sulfa' drugs allergies/cross sensitivity; Tx-respiratory, UTI, ears, burns; SE-hematologic, photosensitivity, GI, renal (crystalluria); encourage fluids; take w/food |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad class of antibiotics, named for the beta-lactam ring they all share in their chemical structure, which destroys the cell wall. Four subclasses are: PCN's, Cephalosporins, Carbapenems, Monobactams. |
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Term
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Definition
| BETA-LACTAM: 4 subgroups that vary in spectrum of activity (Gram +/-), and resistance to Penicillinase activity. Bactericidal; mostly Gram +; Tx-strep, staph, enterococcus; cross-sensitivity w/ cephalosporins; SE-GI, hyperkalemia, hypernatremia, skin, anemia, bone marrow suppressant; take w/water, avoid: caffeine, citric fruit/juices, cola, tomato juice |
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Term
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Definition
| BETA-LACTAM: 4 generations (5th not approved yet) that vary in spectrum of activity (Gram +/-); bactericidal; Tx-surgical prophylaxis, respiratory, ear, GI; SE-GI, rash, pruritus, redness; take w/food, avoid alcohol! |
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Term
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Definition
| BETA-LACTAM: broadest spectrum of any antibiotic; bactericidal; work against betalactamases; Tx-very ill patients, body cavity and tissue (joints, intraabdominal infections); SE-seizures, tinnitus, |
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Term
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Definition
| BETA-LACTAM: Gram (-), 1 drug-Aztreonam (Azactam); bactericidal; Tx-severe systemic infections, UTI; less cross-sensitivity; SE-rash, GI, |
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Term
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Definition
| Erythromycin, azithromycin (Z-pack); bacteriostatic, larger doses can be bactericidal; long half-life; Tx-respiratory tract, skin, syphilis, Lyme disease, used in those w/beta-lactam allergies; SE-GI, skin, tinnitus; highly protein bound and metabolized in liver; |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram (+); derived from erythromycin, one drug-Telithromycin (Ketek); SE- SEVERE liver damage, limited use |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad-spectrum; bacteriostatic; Tx-acne, chlamydia, mycoplasma, rickettsia, Lyme disease, syphilis; SE-photosensitivity, teeth discoloration, super infections, GI, thrombocytopenia, anemia; don't take w/milk, antacids, or iron; don't give to children <8 or pregnant/lactating women |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad-spectrum; bactericidal;Tx-serious Gram (-) infections, some Gram (+) with a combination of other antibiotics; SE-very nephrotoxic and ototoxic, must assess baselines and monitor labs throughout treatment; monitor trough and peak levels; don't use in pregnant/lactating women; encourage fluids |
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Term
| Quinolones ( fluoroquinolones) |
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Definition
| Broad-spectrum; bactericidal; (cipro); most have excellent oral absorption; Tx-UTI, respiratory, skin, GI, STDs, bone & joint; SE-GI, skin, tendonitis, cardiac (prolonged QT interval); don't use w/iron, antacids, zinc, sucralfate; drug interaction w:/heart meds |
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Term
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Definition
| Broad-spectrum, bactericidal and bacteriostatic; Tx-bone infections, GU tract, skin and soft tissue infections; SE-GI, hard on stomach, pseudomembranous colitis, |
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Term
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Definition
| Anaerobic and protozoan activity; Tx-intraabdominal, gynecological , protozoan infections, super infections (colitis); SE-dizziness, GI, thrombocytopenia; do not take with alcohol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bactericidal; gram (+); Tx-MRSA, C. difficile; SE-ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, red man syndrome, additive neuromuscular blocking effects; monitor peak and trough levels |
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