Term
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Definition
β-lactam ('cidal); PO
Mech:
1) bind PBPs,
2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: all but G(-) rods
Tox: hypersens; hemolytic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Lactamase-resistant β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech:
1) bind PBPs,2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: S. aureus (not MRSA)
Tox: hypersens; interstitial nephritis
Note "meth = iv drug use = risk staph" |
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Term
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Definition
Lactamase-resistant β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech: 1) bind PBPs, 2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: S. aureus (not MRSA)
Tox: hypersens
note "naf for staph" |
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Term
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Definition
Lactamase-resistant β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech: 1) bind PBPs, 2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: S. aureus (not MRSA)
Tox: hypersens |
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Term
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Definition
Wide spectrum β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech: 1) bind PBPs, 2) block transpeptidase x-linking, 3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: G(+), G(-) rods
"HELPS kill Enterococci"
Tox: hypersens, rash, pseudomembrane colitis
Note: combine w/ clavulanic acid to enhance spectrum
"AMPed up penicillin" |
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Term
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Definition
Wide spectrum β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech: 1) bind PBPs, 2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: G(+), G(-) rods
"HELPS kill Enterococcus"
Tox: hypersens, pseudomembrane colitis
Note: greater PO bioavail than amp; combine w/ clavulanic acid to enhance spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
Antipseudomanal β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech: 1) bind PBPs, 2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: Pseudomonas, G(-) rods
Tox: hypersensNote: combine w/ clavulanic acid to enhance spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
Antipseudomanal β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech: 1) bind PBPs, 2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: Pseudomonas, G(-) rods
Tox: hypersens
Note: combine w/ clavulanic acid to enhance spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
Antipseudomanal β-lactam ('cidal)
Mech: 1) bind PBPs, 2) block transpeptidase x-linking,
3) activ. autolytic Es
Use: Pseudomonas, G(-) rods
Tox: hypersens
Note: combine w/ clavulanic acid to enhance spectrum |
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Term
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Definition
1st gen cephalosporin ('cidal) - others: cefazolin
Mech: inhib cell wall synth
Use: G(+) cocci + PEcK
Tox: hypersens (x-react w/ Pen); incr. nephrotox of aminoglycosides; disulfiram-like |
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Term
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Definition
2nd gen cephalosporin ('cidal) -
others: cefaclor, cefuroxime
Mech: inhib cell wall synth
Use: G(+) cocci + HEN PEcKS
Tox: hypersens (x-react w/ Pen); incr. nephrotox of aminoglycosides; disulfiram-like |
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Term
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Definition
3rd gen cephalosporin ('cidal) -
others: cefotaxime, ceftazidime
Mech: inhib cell wall synth
Use: serious/resistant G(-); meningitis (penetrate BBB)
Tox: hypersens (x-react w/ Pen); incr. nephrotox of aminoglycosides; disulfiram-like |
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Term
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Definition
4th gen cephalosporin ('cidal)
Mech: inhib cell wall synth
Use: G(+); Pseudomonas; serious/resistant G(-); meningitis (penetrate BBB)
Tox: hypersens (x-react w/ Pen); incr. nephrotox of aminoglycosides; disulfiram-like |
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Term
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Definition
Monobactam; lactamase-resistant
Mech: binds PBP3 → inhibs cell wall synth
Use: G(-)
(pen-allergic pts whose renal insuff can't support aminoglycosides)
Tox: nontoxic; GI upset; no x-sens w/ pen or cephs |
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Term
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Definition
Carbapenem; lact-R; broad-spectrum
Mech: binds PBP → inhibs cell wall synth
Use: kills everything; drug of choice for enterobacter
Tox: GI, rash, seizures (limits use)
Note: must admin w/ cilastatin (inhibs renal dihydropeptidase I) |
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Term
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Definition
Carbapenem; lact-R; broad-spectrum
Mech: binds PBP → inhibs cell wall synth
Use: kills everything; drug of choice for enterobacter
Tox: GI, rash, (less seizures than imipenem)
Note: stable to renal dihydropeptidase I |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotic ('cidal)
Mech: binds D-ala D-ala on wall precursors → inhibs cell wall synth
Use: serious/resistant G(+) - S. aureus, C. diff, MRSA
Tox: well-tol; nephrotox, ototox, thrombophlebitis, "red man synd" (prevent w/ anti-His pre-tx & slow infusion)
Resist: D-ala D-lac |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside (30S, 'cidal)
Mech: inhib formation of initiation complex & misreading of mRNA
Use: severe (G-) aerobic rods
Tox: nephrotox (esp w/ cephs), ototox (esp w/ loops; contra: preg), teratogen
Notes: synergy w/ β-lactams; req 02 for uptake (therefore no anaerobes) |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside (30S, 'cidal)
Mech: inhib formation of initiation complex & misreading of mRNA
Use: severe (G-) aerobic rods; bowel surg
Tox: nephrotox (esp w/ cephs), ototox (esp w/ loops; contra: preg), teratogen
Notes: synergy w/ β-lactams; req 02 for uptake |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside (30S, 'cidal)
Mech: inhib formation of initiation complex & misreading of mRNA
Use: severe (G-) aerobic rods
Tox: nephrotox (esp w/ cephs), ototox (esp w/ loops; contra: preg), teratogen
Notes: synergy w/ β-lactams; req 02 for uptake
(no anaerobes) |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside (30S, 'cidal)
Mech: inhib formation of initiation complex & misreading of mRNAUse: severe (G-) aerobic rods
Tox: nephrotox (esp w/ cephs), ototox (esp w/ loops; contra: preg), teratogen
Notes: synergy w/ β-lactams; req 02 for uptake |
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Term
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Definition
Aminoglycoside (30S, 'cidal)
Mech: inhib formation of initiation complex & misreading of mRNA
Use: severe (G-) aerobic rods
Tox: nephrotox (esp w/ cephs), ototox (esp w/ loops; contra: preg), teratogen
Notes: synergy w/ β-lactams; req 02 for uptake |
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline (30S)
Mech: prevent attach. of aminoacyl-tRNA
Use: tick-carried bact, acne; some CNS penetration
Tox: GI, discolor teeth, inhib child bone growth (contra: preg), photosens
Notes: must not take with milk, antacids, or Fe-containing preparations (cations inhib abs) |
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline (30S)
Mech: prevent attach. of aminoacyl-tRNA
Use: tick-carried bact, acne; some CNS penetration; <em>fecally elim</em> - used in renal failure pts
Tox: GI, discolor teeth, inhib child bone growth (contra: preg), photosens
Notes: must not take with milk, antacids, or Fe-containing preparations (cations inhib abs)
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline (30S)
Mech: prevent attach. of aminoacyl-tRNA; ADH antag
Use: tick-carried bact, acne; some CNS penetration; <strong>diuretic in SIADH</strong>
Tox: GI, discolor teeth, inhib child bone growth (contra: preg), photosens
Notes: must not take with milk, antacids, or Fe-containing preparations (cations inhib abs) |
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Term
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Definition
Tetracycline (30S)
Mech: prevent attach. of aminoacyl-tRNA
Use: tick-carried bact, acne; some CNS penetration
Tox: GI, discolor teeth, inhib child bone growth (contra: preg), photosens
Notes: must not take with milk, antacids, or Fe-containing preparations (2+ cations inhib abs) |
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Term
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Definition
Macrolide (50S)
Mech: binds 23S rRNA → blocks transloc
Use: URI, pneum, G(+) cocci STDs
Tox: GI (most com cause of noncompliance), acute cholestatic hep, eosinophilia, rashes
Interact: incr. theophylline & oral anticoag conc.
Note: "MJ #23 throw up 50 atyp. & has stds" |
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Term
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Definition
Macrolide (50S)
Mech: binds 23S rRNA → blocks transloc
Use: URI, pneum, G(+) cocci STDs; M. avium prophyl
Tox: GI (most com cause of noncompliance), acute cholestatic hep, eosinophilia, rashes
Interact: incr. theophylline & oral anticoag conc.
Note: "MJ #23 throw up 50 atyp. & has stds" |
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Term
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Definition
Macrolide (50S)
Mech: binds 23S rRNA → blocks transloc
Use: URI, pneum, G(+) cocci STDs; M. avium prophyl
Tox: GI (most com cause of noncompliance), acute cholestatic hep, eosinophilia, rashes
Interact: incr. theophylline & oral anticoag conc.
Note: "MJ #23 throw up 50 atyp. & has stds" |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotic (50S)
Mech: blocks peptidyltransferase activity
Use: meningitis (esp SHiN) (kills ~everything)
Tox: limits use; anemia (dose dep), aplastic anemia (dose indep), gray baby synd (premies lack UDP-glucuronyl transferase; contra: preg)
Contra: preg |
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Term
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Definition
Antibiotic (50S)
Mech: blocks peptide bond formation
Use: anaerobes (above diaphr) in asperation pneumonia.
= Bacteroides and C. Perfringens
Tox: pseudomembr colitis (dt C. Diff) |
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Term
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Definition
Sulfonamide
Mech: PABA antimetabolite → block dihydropteroate synthetase
Use: G(+)/(-), simple UTI
Tox: hypersens, hemolysis if G6PD defic, nephrotox, photosens, kernicterus (contra: preg)
Interact: displace drugs from albumin (warfarin) |
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Term
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Definition
Sulfonamide
Mech: PABA antimetabolite → block dihydropteroate synthetase
Use: G(+)/(-), simple UTI (triple-sulf)
Tox: hypersens, hemolysis if G6PD defic, nephrotox, photosens, kernicterus (infant brain dmg)(contra: preg)
Interact: displace drugs from albumin (warfarin) |
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Term
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Definition
Sulfonamide
Mech: PABA antimetabolite → block dihydropteroate synthetase
Use: G(+)/(-), simple UTI (triple-sulf)
Tox: hypersens, hemolysis if G6PD defic, nephrotox, photosens, kernicterus (contra: preg)
Interact: displace drugs from albumin (warfarin) |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: inhibs (bacterial) DHF reductase
Use: combo w/ sulfonamides for recurrent UTI, Shigella, Salmonella, PCP pneum
Tox: megaloblastic anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia (alleviate w/ suppl folinic acid - Leucovorin rescue)
Note: "TMP Treats Marrow Poorly" |
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Term
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Definition
| sulfonamides, sulfasalazine, sulfonylureas, thiazides, acetazolamide, furosemide, celecoxib, probenecid |
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Term
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Definition
Fluoroquinolone ('cidal) - others: -flaxacin
Mech: inhib DNA gyrase (topo II)
Use: G(-) rods of GI & urinary tract (inc pseudomona)
Tox: GI, rash, cartilage dmg (contra: preg), tendonitis/rupture in adults, leg cramps/myalgias in kids
Note: must not take w/ antacids
FlouroquinoLONEs hurt attachment to BONES |
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Term
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Definition
AB/antiprotozoal ('cidal)
Mech; forms toxic metabolites in bact. cell → DNA dmg
Use: protozoa (giardia...), anaerobes below diaphr,
triple therapy" vs H.pylori (+bismuth & amox/tet)
Tox: disulfiram-like w/ alcohol |
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Term
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Definition
Mech: bind cell membr & disrupt osmotic properties
Use: resistant G(-)
Tox: neurotox, acute tubular necrosis
PolyMYXins Mix up Membranes |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-TB
Mech; inhib membrane E's
effective in acidic pH of phagolysosomes (where TB engulfed by Macrophages is)
Tox: hepatotox |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-TB
Mech: inhibs arabinosoyl transferase → block cell wall arabinogalactan synth
(dec carbohydrate polymerization of myco wall)
Tox: optic neuropathy (red-green colorblind), hepatotox |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-TBMech: inhibs enoyl acyl carrier prot. reductase → blocks synthesis of mycolic acids (myco cell wall)
Use: TB prophylaxis (monotherapy) or tx
Tox: inactivates B6 (& B3) → pellagra/neurotox (prevent w/ suppl pyridoxine); hepatotox
Note: diff t1/2 in fast vs. slow acetylators |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-TBMech: inhibs RNApol β S.U.
Use: TB, delays dapsone-resist in leprosy;
GC prophyl,H. influ b prophyl
Tox: hepatotox; red/orange body fluids (red urine)
Interact: ↑ P-450 |
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Term
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Definition
(50S); examples - quinopristin, dalfopristin
Use: VRE (can also use linezolid, 50S) |
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Term
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Definition
β-lactamase inhibitor
Use: extend the spectrum of penicillin-family ABs |
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Term
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Definition
| β-lactamase inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| β-lactamase inhibitor |
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