Term
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Definition
| decrease automaticy of ectopic pacemakersm roe than the SA node. generally decrease coductions nad excitability and icnrease refarcytory epriod in deplaozied tissue mroe htan normal tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| phase 4 caused by sodium funny current , leads to calcium dpeol, which hten leads to pleasue fphase of clacium and potasisum |
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Term
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Definition
restign state- the m gate is closed- folowoign dpeolarizaiton of surorundigm membrane m gate opens, and h gate open, sodium hannels come through. once certian action potential is reached the h gate clsoes, this is inactivatedstate cant be reactviated until regerneates the resting state, which only occurs after a period of recvoery.
resposnbile for phase 4 and 0 inactivatio. |
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Term
| use dependant drugsm echanism |
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Definition
| block electrical activity when there is a fast tachycardia or significannt loso f resting potenial. This is because they are only useful during hte active (phase 0) or inactivated channels (pahse 2). This will effect their kinetics and return to resting state. They reduce the numbero f availble ubocoked channels, reducing the excitatory cucrrents to level below that ruqired for prop. also prolong recovery tiem of the channels |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| prolong the action potential duration- dosiscoiate form channe with intermediate kinetics . They slwo down upstroke of aciton potenstal via sodium binding. and prolong action potential duration and qt interval via nonspecific blockade of potassium channels. |
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Term
| Class IB drugs MOA and type |
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Definition
| shorten teh APD in some tissues of the heart, dissociated wtih rapid iientics (lidocaine) . Rapid kientics at normal/resting potentials result in recovery form block when poetntials go back to normal and no effecto nconduciton. Increased ianctiona and slow unbindg resutls ins lective depression of condcution in depoalrized cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| , slows upstroke of acp, have minimal effectso nt he aPD , dissociate from channelwtih slow kientics (flecainaide) , resulting in more of an effect on normal myocardiocytes. sodium channel blocker. |
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Term
| class II drugs MOA and type |
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Definition
| sympatholytic . reduce b-adrenergic activity which reduces activation of th heart - propanolol and esmolol |
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Term
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Definition
| prolongation of the apd- block the delayed rectifeier potasism current, ikr. - prototypes are stoatolo, ibutilide. |
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Term
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Definition
| blocakdeo f teh cardiac claciumcurrent. slows down conduciton in calcium depepndant pacemaker regions - SA and aV ndoe. prototype is verapamil |
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Term
| group Ia drugs extracardiac effects |
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Definition
| reduces peripheral vascular ersitance causing ypotension, duet o ganglion blockign properteis. |
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Term
| cardia c toxicity of group IA drugs |
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Definition
| cardiac- causes qt itnerveal prolognation, adni nduction fo torsades de pointes |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause SLE like symtpoms |
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Term
| disopyramide ad quinidine |
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Definition
| have antimuscarinic effects, causign atropine like adverse effects. |
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Term
| Procainmide pharmacokientics |
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Definition
| elimianted by hepatic metaoblism to n-acetylprocainamide (NAPA) . NAPA has more class III activity, is accosiatedi wht tosades de pointes. and is elmianted by kidneys. |
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Term
| Procainamdie thrapuetic use. |
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Definition
| effectiec against most atrial and vetnricualr arrythmias. HOwever high incisdenceo f mortaity on thsi drug |
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Term
| Lidocaine therapuetic use |
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Definition
| low icnidence of toxicity and high degree of effectiveness in arrythmias associated with acutem ycoardial infarcts. USed IV route due to extensive first pass metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| provocaion of exacerbation fo potentially lethal arrythmias. : accelration of vneticular ratei natpietns with atrial flutter, increased episodes of vetnircualr reentrant tachycardia |
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Term
| Class IC pharamcokinetics |
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Definition
| elmiantion via both renal excretion adn hepatic metabolism. |
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Term
| class IC theraptuetic use and precaution |
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Definition
| avoicd felcatinide iwth patients convalescing form MI, causes icnreased moratltiy. can be used i otherwise unormal harearts iwth surpaenticualr tachycardia |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| reduction of camp , resulting in reduciton of sodiu madn clacium currets whcih resutls in av node blockage. pr interval prolognation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a non-selective antagonist whcih exhbiits sodium blocking capabilties in vitro |
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Term
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Definition
| b1-selecive agent, Iv cardioselective beta-blcoker. Halflie of about 9 minutes. - effective inc ontrolling vnetircualr resposnei natrial flutter or fibrillation, particualrly after cardiac surgery. |
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Term
| betta blocker use for arrryhtmias |
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Definition
| contor lfo ventricualr ratei n atial fibrillation ro flutter, Cotnradincated in patients with WPW syndrome. Saffer than other agents used to supress premature vnetiruclar ocmplexes. |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| class III drug cardiac effects |
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Definition
| prologn the actio nptoentia lduation by blockade of Ik potasisum channels. Results in effective refractory period prolongation. AP prolongation by these drugs is reverse use-depepndant- AP prolongation more marked at normal myocytes . |
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Term
| classIII drugs adverse effects |
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Definition
| inccidence of torsades the pointes. |
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Term
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Definition
| non selective b-blcoker with Ik blocking activiteis (so it is classs III). Usedt o treat lfie threatning vetnricualr arrythmais and amitnenacne of sinus rhtyhm in patients with atiral fib. also treamtnet of supraventiruclar and vnetriucalr ararythmias in pediatrics. |
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Term
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Definition
| class III drug. effecti n most tyeps of arrythmais , and ism ost efficaous of al lantiarrythmic durgs. Likely due to capacity to block ,sodium, calcium, potassium and b adrenrecoeptors. Becuase of toxities, approved for use in arrythmais reistant to toehr drugs. |
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Term
| amidoarone pharmacokientics |
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Definition
| complx, 40 pernt elmiatnedi n first few days ,and then slower comopnenet of several weeks |
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Term
| amidoraone cardiac efffects |
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Definition
| not reverse-use depepndant. prologn ap over wide range of heart rates. Rarely cuasing new aryhtmias , due to wide blockign effects. |
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Term
| amiodarone extracardiac toxicity |
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Definition
| micorystallien depsots in cornea and skin, thryoid diysfunction (hyper/ypothydroism_, parasthesisa, termor and pulmoanry fiborsis |
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Term
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Definition
| most effecitve fo al lantiarrythmics in prevneting recurence of atrial fib , or ventricualr tach or fib , not associated iwth an icnreasei n mortaltiy in patients. can b used as adjuvant for iCD therapy |
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Term
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Definition
| class III drug. slows cardiac repol by blockaed of Ikr- adverse effect is excessive qt itnerval prolognation and torsade depointes. Used for conversion of atrial flutter and afib to normal sinusr hythm |
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Term
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Definition
| class III drug, torsades de poitnes is adverse effect. Approved for sinus rhyth m pmaintenancei n patients with affib. |
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Term
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Definition
| strucural analog of amiodarone lackign iodine atoms. Intended to thoryxdine effeces. Firat natiarrythmci to dmeonstrate reduciton in moratliy.hsop in patients iwth atrial fib. |
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Term
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Definition
calcium channel blockers. nIfedipne and other dihyodprydiens aren to useful as antiarrythmics.
work on activated and inactivated l type calcium channels. Pr interval increased . |
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Term
| class 4 extracardiac effects |
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Definition
| casue peripehral vasodilation |
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Term
| classs IV cardiotixic effects |
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Definition
AV block with large doses. conspitations. Constipation, lassitude, nervousness, and perihp edema. contriandicated in WPW disease.
also conraicncdicated in patients with ehart fialure ( reverse ionotropy) and av nodal disease, adn sinoatrial disease. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| used to terminate supraventircualr tachycardia, also effective for AV nodal reentry to norml sinus rhythm. |
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Term
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Definition
| MOA- activati nof inward rectifier k curent nad inhbition of calcium current. Markedh yperolariatio and supression of calcium dpeepdnant AP. |
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Term
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Definition
| currenlty drug of chocie for prompt convrsion of supravnetiruclartachy to sinus rhythm. veyr short DOA- halflfie lessthan ten seconds. |
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Term
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Definition
| digitalis idnuced arrythmias, and torsades de pointes evnei f serum amgensium is normal |
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Term
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Definition
| genenraully useed as adjnctive agent, can help control ventricular repsonse in afib or flutter. |
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Term
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Definition
| used as adjucntive agent to insertion of temproary cardiac pacemaker for arrythmais due to digitalis toxicity |
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