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Antiarrhythmics
Fitz/Ardley (Exam I) PDA II
34
Pharmacology
Professional
01/26/2011

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IA

Definition

 

MOA: These drugs block the fast sodium channels in the myocardium. They show intermediate dissociation from the sodium channels and lengthen the refractory period to stop the arrhythmia. The sodium channel is responsible for depolarization in the myocardium

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IA Drugs

Definition

 

 

Quinidine

Procainamide (Prontestyl®)

Disopyramide (Norpace®)

Term

 

 

 

 

Quinidine

Definition

No brand name

 

Used to treat supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias

 

80% bound to protein

 

SE: Thrombocytopenia

 

One of the first antiarrhythmics and is still used today

 

Class IA

Term

 

 

 

 

Procainamide

Definition

Pronestyl®

 

Used mainly for ventricular arrhythmias

 

Metabolized by N-acetyl transferase to N-acetylprocainamide, 50% is excrete unchanged in the urine

 

SE: Systemic Lupus erythamatous (SLE) like syndrome

 

Class IA

Term

 

 

 

 

Disopyramide

Definition

Norpace®

 

Used primarily to prevent ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular contractions

 

Half life=6.7 hours

 

SE: Has anticholinergic side effects

 

Class IA

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IB

Definition

 

 

MOA: Blocks the fast sodium channels. Dissociate rapidly from the sodium channel and have the lowest potency

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IB Drugs

Definition

 

 

Lidocaine (Xylocaine®)

Mexiletine (Mexitil®)

Tocainide (Tonocard®)

Term

 

 

 

 

Lidocaine

Definition

Xylocaine®

 

Used primarily for premature ventricular contractions and ventricular arrhythmias, originally used as a local anesthetic

 

 

Class IB

Term

 

 

 

Mexiletine

Definition

Mexitil®

 

Used as long term prophylaxis against ventricular tachycardia

 

Available as an oral formulation

 

 

Class IB

Term

 

 

 

 

Tocainide

Definition

Tonocard®

 

 

 

Used chronically, available as an oral formulation

 

 

 

Class IB

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IC

Definition

 

 

MOA: Block fast acting sodium channels, dissociate slowly from the sodium channels, therefore are the most potent

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IC Drugs

Definition

 

 

Flecainide (Tambocor®)

Propafenone (Rythmol®)

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Flecainide

Definition

Tambocor®

 

 

Good for suppressing ventricular automaticity by slowing AV conduction

 

Has local anesthetic activity

 

Class IC

Term

 

 

 

 

Propafenone

Definition

Rythmol®

 

 

Used for supraventricular arrhythmias

 

Orally active, has weak beta blocking activity

 

 

Class IC

Term

 

 

 

 

Class II

Definition

Beta Blockers

 

 

MOA: Stabilizes or depresses the membrane through inhibition of adrenergic stimulation to the heart, slows the heart rate and ectopic tachycardias

Term

 

 

 

 

Class II Drugs

Definition

 

 

Propranolol (Inderal®)

Esmolol (Brevibloc®)

Acebutolol (Sectral®)

Term

 

 

 

 

Propranolol

Definition

Inderal®

 

Used for the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias and ventricular tachycardias

 

Major metabolite: Napthoxylactic acid 

 

Class II

Term

 

 

 

 

Esmolol

Definition

Brevibloc®

 

 Used for inoperative and other arrhythmias

 

Short acting, IV only

 

 

Class II

Term

 

 

 

 

Acebutolol

Definition

Sectral®

 

 

Used for premature ventricular contractions and ventricular tachycardia

 

Active metabolite: diacetolol

 

Class II

Term

 

 

 

 

Class III

Definition

Repolarization Prolongators

 

 

MOA: Prolong action potential thus increasing the refractory period of the membrane action potential. May also block potassium and sodium channels

Term

 

 

 

 

Class III Drugs

Definition

 

Amiodarone (Cordarone®)

Dronedarone (Multaq®)

Sotalol (Betapace®)

Ibutilide (Covert®)

Dofetilide (Tikosyn®)

Term

 

 

 

 

Amiodarone

Definition

Cordarone®

 

Used to control refractory ventricular tachycardias, prevent ventricular fibrillation, and atrial fibrillation (non-FDA)

 

SE: Pulmonary toxicity, thyroid toxicity, interstitial fibrosis, phototoxicity, optic neuritis

 

Class III

Term

 

 

 

 

Dronedarone

Definition

Multaq®

 

Used for persistent atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

 

SE: Less pulmonary side effects, thyroid effects, and neurological activity than Amiodarone

 

 

Class III

Term

 

 

 

 

Sotalol

Definition

Betapace®

 

 

Used for ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation

 

Available orally

 

 

Class III

Term

 

 

 

 

Ibutilide

Definition

Corvert®

 

Blocks potassium channel and /or slow sodium channels

 

Used to convert atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm

 

SE: Torsade de pointe

 

Class III

Term

 

 

 

 

Dofetilide

Definition

Tikosyn®

 

Used for the conversion and management of atrial flutter to normal sinus rhythm

 

SE: Torsade de pointe

 

 

Class III

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IV

Definition

Calcium Channel Blockers

 

 MOA: These block slow inward current of Ca2+ ions during phase 2 of action potential, Slow down AV conduction and the sinus rate

SE: Bradycardia, hypotension, headache, edema

Class IV

Term

 

 

 

 

Class IV Drugs

Definition

 

 

 

Verapamil (Calan®, Isoptin®)

 Diltiazem (Cardizem®, Dilacor®) 

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Verapamil

Definition

Calan®, Isoptin®

 

 

Used to control atrial and paroxysmal tachycardia

 

 

 

Class IV

Term

 

 

 

 

Diltiazem

Definition

Cardizem®, Dilacor®

 

 

Used to control atrial and paroxysmal tachycardia

 

 

 

Class IV

Term

 

 

 

 

Miscellaneous Antiarrhythmics

Definition

 

 

Adenosine (Adenocard®)

Magnesium Sulfate

Potassium

Term

 

 

 

 

Adenosine

Definition

Adenocard®

 

MOA: Activates inward rectifier potassium; blocks calcium current

Nucleoside that occurs naturally in the body

Miscellaneous

Term

 

 

 

 

Magnesium Sulfate

Definition

No Brand Name

 

 

MOA: Poorly understood; interacts with Na+, K+ ATPase, K+ and Ca2+ channels

Miscellaneous

Term

 

 

 

 

Potassium

Definition

No Specific Brand Name

 

 

MOA: Increases K+ permeability, K+ currents

 

 

 

Miscellaneous

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