Term
| WHAT IS A CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA? |
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Definition
| AN ABNORMALITY IN THE FORMATION OR CONDUCTION OF ELECTRICAL SIGNALS IN THE HEART |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 MAJOR CLASSES OF ANTIARRHYTHMICS? |
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Definition
CLASS IA
CLASS IB
CLASS IC
CLASS III
CLASS IV - ARE CCB |
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Term
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Definition
ABNORMAL AUTOMATICITY
ABNORMAL IMPULSE CONDUCTION |
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Term
| HOW DO YOU Tx FOR ABNORMAL AUTOMATICITY? |
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Definition
DECREASE SLOPE OF PHASE 4 - RMP
RAISE THRESHOLD |
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Term
| WHAT IS PHASE 4 IN CARDIAC ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY? |
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Definition
| PHASE 4 IS THE RESTING MBRN POTENTIAL |
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Term
| WHAT IS ABNORMAL AUTOMATICITY? |
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Definition
| IS AN ABNORMAL SPONTANEOUS DEPOLARIZATION OF CELLS IN THE HEART...USUALLY CAUSES ARRHYTHMIAS |
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Term
| HOW DO YOU TREAT ABNORMALITIES IN IMPULSE CONDUCTION? |
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Definition
SLOW CONDUCTION
INCREASE REFRACTORY PERIOD |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE 2 MECHANISMS RESPONSIBLE FOR ABNORMAL CONDUCTION? |
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Definition
INCREASED AUTOMATICITY
AFTERDEPOLARIZATION |
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Term
| INCREASED AUTOMATICITY CAN BE CAUSED BY? |
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Definition
1. INCREASED SLOPE OF PHASE 4
2. MORE NEGATIVE THRESHOLD POTENTIAL (TP)
3. MORE POSITIVE MAX DIASTOLIC POTENTIAL (MDP) |
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Term
| WHAT CAUSES AFTERDEPOLARIZATIONS? |
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Definition
ABNORMAL INFLUX OF CALCIUM INTO CARDIAC CELLS DURING OR RIGHT AFTER PHASE 3 (RAPID REPOLARIZATION)
EARLY OR LATE AFTERDEPOLARIZATIONS CAN LEAD TO EXTRASYSTOLES AND TACHYCARDIA |
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Term
| WHAT IS CARDIAC IMPULSE REENTRY? |
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Definition
RETROGRADE CONDUCTION OF AN IMPULSE INTO PREVIOUSLY DEPOLARIZED TISSUE
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
USUALLY AN UNIDIRECTIONAL BLOCK IN A BIFURCATING PATHWAY
LEADS TO RETROGRADE CONDUCTION AND REENTRY |
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Term
| AT REGULAR DOSES ANTIARRHYTHMICS CAN SUPRESS? |
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Definition
ECTOPIC AUTOMATICITY
ABNORMAL CONDUCTION ( WITH MINIMAL EFFECT ON NORMAL CELLS) |
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Term
| AT HIGHER DOSES ANTIARRHYTHMICS CAUSE? |
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Definition
DEPRESSED CONDUCTION IN NORMAL TISSUES
DRUG INDUCED ARRHYTHMIA |
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Term
QUINIDINE
class? effects? indications? toxicity? |
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Definition
CLASS 1A - PROTOTYPE
LIKE DISOPYRAMIDE (NORPACE)
PROCAINAMIDE (PRONESTYL)
- BINDS OPEN AND INACTIVATED Na CHANNELS - BLOCKS Na INFLUX
-SLOW PHASE 0 AND 3 - LENGTHENING AP STATE-DEPENDENT -BLOCKS RAPID FIRING CELLS
INDICATIONS - ACUTE ONLY!!!! 1. TACHYARRHYTHMIAS
2. REETRY
TOXICITY
1. SA OR AV BLOCK
2. ARRHYTHMOGENIC |
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Term
LIDOCAINE
class? like drugs? effects? indications? toxicity? |
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Definition
CLASS 1B - EXTREMELY IMPORTANT ANTIARRH.
like MEXILETINE (MEXITIL)
- shortens phase 3 so decreases duration of AP
- blocks reentry
INDICATIONS
-VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AFTER MI
TOXICITY
1. LOW
2. ARRHYTHMOGENIC
3. SOME CNS
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Term
| WHATS MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASS 1A AND 1B ANTIARRHYTHMICS? |
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Definition
CLASS 1A LENGTHENS PHASE 3 DURATION
CLASS 1B SHORTENS PHASE 3 DURATION |
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Term
FLECANIDE (TAMBOCOR)
PROPAFENONE (RHYTHMOL)
class? effects? indications? toxicity? |
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Definition
CLASS 1C
-MAJOR PHASE 0 SLOWING - PROLONGS AP
-SLOW DISSOCIATE FROM RESTING NA CHANNELS
- CAN AFFECT NORMALLY FIRING CELLS
INDICATIONS
- REFRACTORY VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS
TOXICITY
- MAY AGGRAVATE CHF BY DECREASING CONTRACTILITY
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Term
PROPRANOLOL (INDERALL)
class? like drugs? effects? indications? toxicity? |
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Definition
CLASS II - BETA BLOCKERS
- ESMOLOL (BREVIBLOC)
-METOPROLOL (LOPRESSOR)
- PROLONGS PHASE 4 - RMP SO DECREASES HR
INDICATIONS
TACHYARRHTYMIAS
TOXICITY
MAY AGGRAVATE CHF
REDUCES MORTALITY FOLLOWING MI!!!!! |
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Term
SOTALOL
class? like drugs? effects? indications? toxicity? |
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Definition
CLASS III
- AMIODARONE (CORDARONE)
-IBUTILIDE (CORVERT)
-DOFETILIDE (TIKOSYN)
-BLOCK K CHANNELS
-PROLONG PHASE 3
INDICATIONS
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
TOXICITY
- ARRHYTHMOGENIC - TORSADE DE POINTES |
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Term
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Definition
1. BRADYCARDIA, HEART BLOCK, HEART FAILURE
2. PULMONARY FIBROSIS
3. DEPOSITS IN TISSUES - PHOTODERMATITIS
4. THRYROID DYSFUNCTION
5. CONSTIPATION
6. LIVER TOXICITY |
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Term
| WHICH IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE DRUG IN PREVENTING DEATHS FROM ARRHYTHMIAS? |
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Definition
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Term
VERAPAMIL
class? like drugs? effects? indications? toxicity? |
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Definition
CLASS IV (4)
- DILTIAZEM (CARDIEZEM)
-CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
-SLOWS PHASE 4 DEPOL.
- SLOWS AV CONDUCTION
-STATE DEP.- BINDS OPEN DEPOL CHANNELS
INDICATIONS
1. ATRIAL DYSRRHYTHMIAS
2. REENTRY
TOXICITY
1. MAY AGGRAVATE CHF BC ITS - INOTROPIC EFFECTS
2. HYPOTENSION |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE OTHER ANTIARRHYTHMICS? |
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Definition
ADENOSINE
MAGNESIUM SULFATE |
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Term
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Definition
"CLASS V" - OTHER
- 10 SEC HALF LIFE
-ENHANCES K CONDUCTANCE
- INHIBITS cAMP INDUCED CA INFLUX
- DIRECTLY INHIBITS AV CONDUCTION
INDICATION
PAROXYSMAL SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (PSVT)
TOXICITY
- FLUSHING
- SOB
- CHEST BURNING
- HYPOTENSION
- HEADACHE
- NAUSEA |
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Term
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Definition
CLASS 'OTHER'
- IV ADMINISTRATION
- MECHANISM UNKNOWN
INDICATIONS
1. PREVENT PREECLEMPSIA/ECLEMPSIA SEIZURES
2. CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES INDUCED ARRHTYHMIAS
3. POLYMORPHIC VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA
(TORSADE DE POINTES) |
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Term
| DO ANTIARRHYTHMICS HELP IN THE LONG RUN? |
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Definition
CLASS 1C = INCREASE MORTALITY
- FLECAINIDE
- ENCAINIDE
CLASS II - BETA BLOCKERS = DECREASE MORTALITY |
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