Term
|
Definition
| A pattern of abnormal neuronal dischargers in the brain |
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Term
| What is Status Epilepticus? |
|
Definition
| A seizure that last 30 minutes or longer during which consciousness is not regained |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal of drug therapy for seizures (4)? |
|
Definition
-Control seizure activity without severe ADRs
-Therapy must be individualized
-Mono-therapy is ideal but combination therapy may be necessary.
-Drug therapy is usually required for life. |
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Term
| Name four groups of drugs used to treat seizures. |
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Definition
-Hydantoins (DOC for tonic-clonic seizures, status epilipticus, and partial seizures in adults)
-Succinimides
-Barbiturates
-Benzodiazepines |
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Term
| Name two drugs from the Hydantoin group. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Pharmacokinetics of Hydantoins (1) |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of Hydantoins? |
|
Definition
| -Decrease the rate of recovery of Na channels from the inactivated state in areas of seizure focus (motor cortex). |
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Term
|
Definition
-nausea
-vomiting
-dizziness
-drowsiness
-slurred speech
-dyskinesia (tics)
-nystagmus (involuntary eye movements)
-tinnitus
-hypotension
-tachycardia
-gingival hyperplasia
-urine discoloration
-hirsuitism
-allergic rash
-bone marrow suppression
-drug-drug interactions
-fetal hydantoin syndrome |
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Term
| Name a drug from the Succinimides group. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of ethosuximide? |
|
Definition
| It decreases T-type calcium currents in thalamus |
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|
Term
| Ethosuximide is the drug of choice for which kind of seizures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the half life of ethosuximide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nausea
-vomiting
-dizziness
-drowsiness
-headache
-urine discoloration
-hirsuitism
-allergic rash |
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|
Term
| Which Barbiturates are used to treat seizures (2) and what kind of seizures are they used to treat? |
|
Definition
-Phenobarbital
-Mephobarbital
-Tonic-clonic and partial |
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|
Term
| Which Benzodiazepines are used to treat seizures (3)? |
|
Definition
-Clonazepam
-Diazepam
-Lorazepam |
|
|
Term
| Other Anticonvulsant Drugs (6) |
|
Definition
-Felbamate
-Gabapentin
-Levetiracetam
-Lamotrigine
-Tiagabine
-Topiramate |
|
|
Term
| Monitoring Drug Therapy of Anti-Seizure Medication (4) |
|
Definition
-Evaluation is specific to patient
-Monitor renal and liver function
-Blood work
-Monitor drug levels |
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|
Term
| Patient Teaching Guidelines (9) |
|
Definition
-Don't stop taking medication abruptly, may lead to seizures
-Avoid ROH, OTCs, and CNS depressants
-ID bracelet
-Keep log of seizure activity
-No driving unless doctor gives OK
-Emotional support for patient
-Same time every day
-Take w/ food
-Practice good oral hygiene |
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|
Term
| Name an Iminostilbene used to treat tonic-clonic and partial seizures. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the ADRs of Carbamazepine (5)? |
|
Definition
-drowsiness
-GI distress
-heart failure
-visual disturbances
-allergic reactions |
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|
Term
| Name two Valproates used to treat seizures and the kinds of seizures they are used for. |
|
Definition
Valproic acid
-Divalproex
-Drugs of choice for absence seizures but also effective for partial, tonic-clonic, and myoclonic seizures. |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of the Valproates? |
|
Definition
| They potentiate GABA and work on sodium channels. |
|
|
Term
| What are the ADRs of the Valproates (5)? |
|
Definition
-GI distress
-Sedation
-Tremor
-Liver failure
-BMS (Bone Marrow Suppression) |
|
|
Term
| What are the anticonvulsants used to treat status epilepticus (3)? |
|
Definition
-Diazepam
-Lorazepam
-Fosphenytoin |
|
|
Term
| What are the therapeutic and toxic levels of phenytoin? |
|
Definition
Therapeutic = 10-20 mcg/ml
Toxic > 30 mcg/ml |
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