Term
|
Definition
1. guanosine analog viral DNA Pol inhibitor; must be activated by viral TK
2. HSV, VZV, EBV
3. nephrotoxic |
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Term
|
Definition
1. guanosine analog viral DNA pol inhibitor
2. CMV
3. neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia (all esp if with AZT), renal toxic; potential mutagen/carcinogen |
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Term
|
Definition
1. PPi analog vial DNA pol inhibitor - does NOT need activating!
2. CMV retinitis if gancyclovir fails
3. Metabolic disturbances esp HypoCalcemia (=CNS stuff), nephrotoxic |
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Term
|
Definition
1. blocks M2 pore, inhibits viral uncoating
2. just Influenza A tx and prophylaxis, Parkinsons (bc also Incr dopamine)
3. CNS effects, >90% resistant now |
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Term
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Definition
1. blocks neuraminidase & viral release
2. Influenza A and B within 48hrs
3. kidney elimination; FDA says possible behvioural/suicide problems |
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Term
|
Definition
1. competative inhibitor of IMPDH, which decreases synthesis of guanosine nucleotides
2. RSV, chronic Hep C
3. Teratogen! hemolytic anemia (it concentrates in RBCs) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. (aka AZT) NRTI-nucleoside COMPETATIVE reverse transcriptase inhibitor but must be activated by TK; lipophilic=can cross BBB
2. HIV; during and prophylaxis of pregnancy HIV
3. granulocytopenia, lactic acidosis, hepatotoxic
4. lots! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. NNRTI - non nucleoside analog; NONcompetative of HIV-RT inhibitor & does NOT need activating
2. HIV
3. rash, bone marrow supression |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Viral protease inhibitor
2. HIV
3. HYPERGLYCEMIA, nephrolithiasis, thrombocytopenia, buffalo hump, GI
4. "f" impaired with high fat meal; metabolized by CYP3A4 |
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Term
|
Definition
1. original Lactam; bind PBPs & inhibit cell wall synthesis - bacteriocidal; some GABA Antagonism effect
2. syphilis, anthrax; Gram+ like S. pneumo and pyogenes, and Gram- N. meningitidis
3. (All Lactams=) Allergy, GI, nephrotoxic potential, colitis super infection |
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Term
|
Definition
1. amino penecillin; better oral availability than amp.
2. more Gram- spectrum; empiric sepsis & meningitis (ecoli, h. influenza, salmonella, listeria)
3. Rash |
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Term
|
Definition
1. amino penecillin;
2. more Gram- spectrum; empiric sepsis & meningitis (ecoli, h. influenza, salmonella, listeria)
3. Rash |
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Term
|
Definition
1. beta lactamase-resistant Lactam
2. MSSA
3. metabolized in LIVER/BILE, not kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
1. binds PBPs to inhibit cell wall synthesis
2.Anti-pseudomonal
3. inhibit platelet aggregation in the very ill |
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Term
|
Definition
1. beta lactamase-resistant Lactams
2. BROAD spectrum
3. dizziness/headache, superinfection colitis |
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Term
|
Definition
1. 1st generation cephalosporin Lactam; binds PBPs
2. proteus, Ecoli, Klebsiella
3. toxic to renal tubules, Vit K deficiency = bleeding problems
4. disulfiram-like rxn with ETOH |
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Term
|
Definition
1. 3rd generation cephalosporin Lactam; binds PBPs
2. serious gram neg infections
3. toxic to renal tubules, Vit K deficiency = bleeding problems
4. disulfiram-like rxn with ETOH |
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Term
|
Definition
1. 3rd generation cephalosporin Lactam; binds PBPs
2.meningitis, gonorrhea; can get to CNS
3. biliary sludging! toxic to renal tubules, Vit K deficiency = bleeding problems
4. disulfiram-like rxn with ETOH |
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Term
|
Definition
1. 3rd generation cephalosporin Lactam; binds PBPs
2. pseudomonas; can get to CNS
3. toxic to renal tubules, Vit K deficiency = bleeding problems
4. disulfiram-like rxn with ETOH |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Monobactam
2. Gram Neg Rods ONLY! in Penecillin hypersensitivity pts bc won't form hapten |
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Term
| amoxicillin/clavulanic acid |
|
Definition
| Augmentin - includes beta-lactamase inhibitor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Zosyn - includes beta-lactamase inhibitor |
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Term
|
Definition
1. 2nd Gen FluoroQuinolone; inhibit DNA gyrase(Topo 2) in Gram-, Topo 4 in Gram+; BacterioCIDAL
2. Pseudomonas, Gram Neg Rods, UTIs & PNA, anthrax
3. CYP Inhibitor; CONTRA to pregnancy and kids(cartilage damage)
4. Don't give with Antacids; Metals Chelate this |
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Term
|
Definition
1. 3rd Gen FluoroQuinolone; inhibit DNA gyrase(Topo 2) in Gram-, Topo 4 in Gram+; BacterioCIDAL
2. Pseudomonas, Gram Neg Rods, UTIs & PNA
3. CYP Inhibitor; CONTRA to pregnancy and kids(cartilage damage)
4. Don't give with Antacids; Metals Chelate this |
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Term
|
Definition
1. reversibly inhibit dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) = block formation of DHF
2. UTIs, Toxoplasm, Nocardia; combo tx TMP-SMX
3. CONTRA to preg/infants bc bili-displacement; hemolysis and more risk of allergy in G6PD deficiency; precipitates in Urine |
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Term
|
Definition
1. together become bacterioCIDAL; TMP inhibits bacterial DHFR
2. Opportunisitic AIDS infections like PCP!; recurrent UTIs, septicemia, GI infections, chronic bronchitis, bLactam-resistant ear infection
3. offset toxicity with leucovorin; sulfonomide rxns + bone marrow supression of antifolates |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit mRNA translocation on 50S - bacteriostatic;
2. Atypical pneumonias & Gram+; Legionella
3. HEPATIC Toxcity! Prolonged QT, GI (stim motilin receptors); Resistance via methylating 23SrRNA target
4. Dont Take with any Food! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit mRNA translocation on 50S - bacteriostatic
2. Atypical pneumonias & Gram+, Legionella
3. HEPATIC Toxcity! Prolonged QT, LESS GI (stim motilin receptors); Resistance via methylating 23SrRNA target
4. Dont Take with any Food! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit mRNA translocation on 50S - bacteriostatic
2. Atypical pneumonias & Gram+, Legionella
3. HEPATIC Toxcity! Prolonged QT, GI (stim motilin receptors); Resistance via methylating 23SrRNA target
4. Dont Take with any Food! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. a very Lipid Soluble tetracycline, bacteriostatic; binds 30S A-site =prevents tRNA from binding; must be pumped IN cell
2. borrelia, Hpylori, intracellulars-Rickettsia, Chlamydia - And Protozoa!
3. photosensitivity; caution to preg/kids/Liver probs, discolors teeth, impairs bone growth
4. antacids (chelates!) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. binds 50S and blocks peptidyltransferase; bacteriostatic
2. Brain Abscess, sepsis & meningitis
3. dose-dependent anemia, dose-independent aplastic anemia, Gray Baby syndrome (affects host mitochond.); CONTRA to preg.
4. anatag to Erythro & Clindamycin (similar site of action) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. bacteriostatic; binds 50S and blocks translocation
2. ANAEROBICs ex- bacteroides, clostridium in lung (but doesn't go to CNS)
3. big one for Pseudomembranous Colitis! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. aminoglycoside; inhibits initiation complex at 30S; only PRO-synth-inhib to be bacterioCIDAL; Needs O2 to get thru porin!
2. gram neg rods - aerobic; TB, Psuedomon, gonorrhea; synergy in Vivo with bLactams
3. ototoxic, nephrotoxic, TERATOGEN; high dose NMJ Blockade!
4. Loop diuretics Incr ototoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
1. aminoglycoside; inhibits initiation complex at 30S; only PRO-synth-inhib to be bacterioCIDAL; Needs O2 to get thru porin!
2. gram neg rods - aerobic; TB, Psuedomon, gonorrhea; synergy in Vivo with bLactams
3. ototoxic, nephrotoxic, TERATOGEN; high dose NMJ Blockade!
4. Loop diuretics Incr ototoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
1. aminoglycoside; inhibits initiation complex at 30S; only PRO-synth-inhib to be bacterioCIDAL; Needs O2 to get thru porin!
2. gram neg rods - aerobic; TB, Psuedomon, gonorrhea; synergy in Vivo with bLactams
3. ototoxic, nephrotoxic, TERATOGEN; high dose NMJ Blockade!
4. Loop diuretics Incr ototoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
1. aminoglycoside; inhibits initiation complex at 30S; only PRO-synth-inhib to be bacterioCIDAL; Needs O2 to get thru porin!
2. gram neg rods - aerobic; TB, Psuedomon, gonorrhea; synergy in Vivo with bLactams
3. ototoxic, nephrotoxic, TERATOGEN; high dose NMJ Blockade!
4. Loop diuretics Incr ototoxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
1. antifolate, inhibits DHPS
2. m. leprae |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit mycolic acid of TB cell wall; needs catalase-peroxidase to get active metabolite
2. prophylaxis or combo tx of TB
3. G6PD hemolysis, INH = Injures Neurons & Hepatocytes; can induce B6 Deficiency = neurotoxicity; have slow and rapid acetylators |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Undergoes reductive metabolism by bug to produce free radicals; gets in to CNS
2. Anaerobes; Pseudomebranous Colitis! Helicobacter, bacteroides, Anaerobic Protozoa: Giardia, Entaboeba, Trichomonas
3 - Safe to give to Kids!
4. Disuliram effect with ETOH; metallic taste |
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Term
|
Definition
1. detergent-like, cyclic peptide+hydrophobic tail = disrupt cellular membranes; CIDAL
2. GramNeg drug-resistant bugs; B-topical eye and ear, E- last resort for ear, pseudo, acinetobacter
3. Highly neuro and nephrotoxic with oral forms |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibits DNA-dependent RNA pol to block transcription
2. leprosy, TB; meningococcal & H.Influenza prophylaxis, ETEC, M.Avium
3. orange body fluids; CYP450 inducer |
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Term
|
Definition
1. Non-Lactam that inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding D-Ala D-Ala of petidoglycan precursors
2. Gram POS only; MRSA& MRSE, enterococci, 2nd line tx C. diff, penecillin-resistant s.pneumo
3. Red Man Syndrome from histamine, ototoxic, nephrotoxic
Resistance - Change target to D-Lactate via VanA plasmid genes |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibits synthesis of b-Glucans needed for fungal cell walls
2. invasive aspergillosis and cadidiasis
3. hepatic elimination |
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Term
|
Definition
1. binds ergosterol in fungal cell walls and forms pores
2. DOC for crypto-meningitis; serious mycoses, protozoa; LONG 1/2 life!
3. infusion rxns, NEPHROtoxic |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit fungal squalene epoxidase
2. dermatophytoses, esp onychomycosis
3. CONTRA to preg.
4. Take with Non-Acidic Foods |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit 14a demethylase, final step in making erogosterol; only azole to cross BBB
2. cryptococcus meningitis, candida; NOT aspergillus
3. inhibits CYP450's (incld hydroxylases of adrenals) = gynocomastia, liver dysfx |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit 14a demethylase, final step in making erogosterol
2. Broad Spectrum; aspergilosis...
3. CONTRA to CHF pts; inhibits CYP450's (incld hydroxylases of adrenals) = gynocomastia, liver dysfx |
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Term
|
Definition
1. cytosine analog pro-drug; fungal deaminase converts to 5-FU; inhibits DNA (via TS-block) and RNA (via incorporation) synthesis, but pump needed to take up drug
2. with AmphoB for cryptococcus meningitisl systemic mycoses
3. anticancer-like side effects: bone marrow supression |
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Term
|
Definition
1. binds and interferes with MicroTubules to inhibit mitosis
2. oral tx for dermatophytes - distributes to keratin areas, "ringworm"
3. Teratogenic, carcinogenic, CYP450 inducer |
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Term
|
Definition
1. unknown
2. alternative for PCP; leishmaniasis, African trypanosomiasis hemolyphatic stage
3. Monitor all labs! nephrotoxic, cardiotoxic, hypoglycemia (inhalation less toxic) |
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Term
|
Definition
1. binds heme being eaten by parasite, block heme polymerase = toxic Hb metabolites accum. & bug dies in own waste
2. Malaria prophylaxis & tx if not resistant
3. CONTRA to epilepsy, myasthenia, psoriasis, or G6PD deficiency
4. Resistance widespread in S. America, Africa... |
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|
Term
| quinine/quinine gluconate |
|
Definition
1. (also an antiarrhythmic) inhibit heme polymerase
2. Used in combo with Doxycyclin for chloroquine-resistant and SEVERE malaria ( vivax or falciparum have this potential resistance)
3. CONTRA to Optic neuritis or tinnitus, epilepsy, myasthenia, or G6PD deficiency; "cinchonism" aka anti muscarinic and alpha receptors |
|
|
Term
| atovaquone & proguanil combo |
|
Definition
1. parasite Cyt-bc1 inhibitor = block bug's respiration! & enhance mitoch. collapse + DHFR-i
2. p. falciparum; also Toxo and Pneumocystis
3. contra to renal dysfx |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1.
2. only one to work on LIVER maleria hypnozites (relapsing malaria pts - ovale and vivax)
3. Quinine effects; Hemolysis in G6PD defeciency |
|
|
Term
| sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine |
|
Definition
1. pyri inhibits plasmodial DHFR (Sulf = DHPS-i)
2. DOC in toxoplasmosis! p. falciparum
3. sulfa = allergy, pyri = BM supression; supplement with leucovorin to help
Substitute with Clindamycin if allergic = inhibits their apicoplast! |
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Term
|
Definition
1. interfere with trypanothione antioxidant system
2. leishmaniasis
(alt choice - Ampho B) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. forms intracellular free radicals
2. Chagas Disease (t. cruzi of S.America; in combo to work on African sleeping sickness (t. brucei) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibits enzymes involved in energy metabolism; NO CNS involvement
2. African Sleeping Sickness (t. brucei) in hemolyphatic stage |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. "Arsenic in Antifreeze" - Inhibits sulfhydryl groups in parasite enzymes; HAS CNS involvement
2. CHRONIC stage of t. brucei
3. KILLS 10% aka a last resort drug |
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Term
|
Definition
1. inhibits glucose uptake and Microtubule synthesis; poorly absorbed = gets to GI worms
2. Nematodes/Roundwords; DOC in pinworms |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. nicotinic receptor agonist at NMJ = depolarizing blockade
2. Anti-Helminth: ASCARIS, hookworm, pinworm
[NOT for tapeworms of flukes] |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. induces worm paralysis via Glutamate-gated Cl-channel of larva; also effects GABA receptors
2. nematodes esp filariae causing river blindness
3. Don't give if HOST BBB is compromised, could get anti GABA effects |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. increase membrane permeability to Ca++ = spastic paralysis & tegument damage
2. tapeworms & flatworms/flukes
3. CONTRA to ocular cysticercosis (larvae in eye) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
1. binds viral gp41 & blocks fusion with CD4 cell
2. HIV
3. incr risk of bacterial PNA |
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