Term
|
Definition
1. competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase - uptake by OATP2 transporter, high 1st pass & highly bound
2. lowers LDL
3. Rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity
4. CP450-3A4 increases Coumarin; OAT2 inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase - uptake by OATP2 transporter, high 1st pass
2. lowers LDL
3. Rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity
4. CP450-3A4 increases Coumarin; OAT2 inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA Reductase (a Pro-Drug,has closed ring structure, simple diffusion uptake)
2. lowers LDL
3. Rhabdomyolysis, hepatotoxicity
4. CP450-3A4 increases Coumarin; OAT2 inhibitors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bind anionic bile acids which cannot be absorbed - thus excreted; lowere LDL, small incr in HDL
2. high LDLs
3. Increase TGs somehow, GI DISTURBANCE
4. Contraindicated to hypertriglyceridemia patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bind anionic bile acids which cannot be absorbed - thus excreted; lowere LDL, small incr in HDL
2. high LDLs
3. Increase TGs somehow, GI DISTURBANCE
4. Contraindicated to hypertriglyceridemia patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bind anionic bile acids which cannot be absorbed - thus excreted; lowere LDL, small incr in HDL
2. high LDLs
3. Increase TGs somehow, GI DISTURBANCE
4. Contraindicated to hypertriglyceridemia patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. blocks Niemann-Pick C1-Like1 (NPC1L1) jejunal cholesterol uptake transporter
2. high LDL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. PPar α agonist = epigenetic changes to:
a)↓VLDL synthesis, and ↓TGs
b)↑ApoA1 & ApoA2 that incr HDL
c)↑lipoPro lipase activity, via ↓ApoC3
2. For High TGs or Low HDL; Longer 1/2Life (20hrs)
3. myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, incr transaminases
4. Incr RHABDOMYOLYSIS with STATIN use; contra to severe renal or hepatic disease (highly bound); warfarin (gets displaced), cyclosporine (↑ its clearance) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. PPar α agonist = epigenetic changes to:
a)↓VLDL synthesis, and ↓TGs
b)↑ApoA1 & ApoA2 that incr HDL
c)↑lipoPro lipase activity, via ↓ApoC3
2. For High TGs or Low HDL; SHORT 1/2Life (1.1hrs)
3. myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, incr transaminases
4. Incr RHABDOMYOLYSIS with STATIN use; contra to severe renal or hepatic disease (highly bound); warfarin (gets displaced), cyclosporine (↑ its clearance)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Incr 1/2Life of ApoA1 to INCR HDL LEVELS; also inhibit hormone sensitive lipase to decr adipose lypolysis= ↓VLDL and LDL synthesis
2.dyslipidemia
3. Flushing, Ulcers, pruritis, myopathy, hyperuricemia, hepatotoxic
4. contra to Liver disease, GOUT, PUD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. PPI: activated and trapped in stomach canaliculi where its thiol group irreversibly binds to Proton Pump. (Note: variants of CYP2C9 liver metabo)
2. Gastric Ulcers, GERD, Zollinger-Ellison, H.Pylori (careful in hepatic disease pts)
3. hypergastrinemiam, inhibits Cyp2C19
4. Do not give with acid-suppressing drug |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. competitive antagonist of H2-Receptor
2. Duodenal/Gastric ulcers, HPylori, GERD; esp duodenal bc effective at suppressing BASAL (nocturnal!) acid secretion
3. GYNECOMASTIA, impotence
4. big inhibitor of CYP450's! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. PGE-analog, extensive 1st pass activates it to misprostol acid, which binds the EP3 receptor to ↓acid secretion and ↑mucous and bicarb secretion
2. prevent NSAIDs induced mucosal injury
2. Diarrhea, worsens IBD, can induce abortions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. cross links in acidic pH (<4) to yield viscous, sticky polymer that adheres to epithelium/ulcers; Mucoprotective
2. for inflam. conditions no responding well to PPIs; stress ulcers
3. Constipation
4. interfere w/ gastric absorption of drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. antacid: NaHCO3 combines with HCl in stomach; SHORT duration of action
2. Heartburn relief
3. alkalosis with excessive use, produces gas
4. ↑absorp. of weak bases, dissolution of enteric coating may inactivate drugs, decr. absorp. of drugs, alter urinary drug exretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. antacid: Ca(CO3)2 combines with stomach HCl
longer (30min) duration of action
2. heartburn
3. systemic ALKALOSIS, constipation, acid reboud, GAS
4. ↑absorp. of weak bases, dissolution of enteric coating may inactivate drugs, decr. absorp. of drugs, alter urinary drug exretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. antacid: Mg(OH)2 combines with stomach HCl
2. Heartburn
3. Diarrhea, ↑plasma Mg in pts with impaired kidney fx, can lead to CNS toxicity
4. ↑absorp. of weak bases, dissolution of enteric coating may inactivate drugs, decr. absorp. of drugs, alter urinary drug exretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. antacid: Al(OH)3 combines with stomach HCl
2. Heartburn
3. Constipation
Chronic use: ↓phosphate gut absorp.=↑Ca2+ from bone = weakens bones!
W/ Renal impariment: neurotoxic, myopathy
4. ↑absorp. of weak bases, dissolution of enteric coating may inactivate drugs, decr. absorp. of drugs, alter urinary drug exretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ProKinetic: GI-nerve Dopamine(D2) Receptor Antagonist to ↑Ach release; may also have antiEmetic properties in CNS-CTZ area
2. Gastroparesis, N&V from Dysmotility
3. No ExtraPyramidal effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MIXED. 1. ProKinetic: 5-HT3antag (↑LES tone) but 5-HT4 agonist(↑Ach), also Dopamine(D2)-R Antagonist; AntiEmetic: antiD2 to CTZ in CNS; Facilitates Gastric Emptying, no sig effect on lower GI.
2. PostOp ILEUS, gastroparesis, N/V from GY dysmotility
3. ExtraPyramidal Effects in CNS! Tardive dyskinesia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Antagonist to 5-HT3 receptors in CTZ
2. N&V of chemo, radiation, & post-op
3. uncommon-allergic, GI, Fever, headache |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Has THC, most active ingredient in marijuana; stimulates CB1 receptors around emesis center
2. emesis, apetite stimulation in AIDS or anorexia
3. Central Sympathomimetic (tachycardic), "highs" & withdrawl, paranoia, abstinence syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Antidiarrheal; helps absorb water; also antisecretory, antiInflam., and antibacterial
2. Travelers' Diarrhea, HPylori Combo Tx
3. blackened Stool, darkened Tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Opiod anti Motility/Secretory; works at Mu receptor to decr motility; low entrance to CNS so low abuse potential
2. AntiDirrheal
3. OTC=CNS depression in overdose
4. contra to active colon inflammatory disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Laxative - ↑Fluid Secretion
(may get in to breast milk)
2. Inflammation, Lazy Bowl Syndrome (potential for abuse) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Laxative - ↑Fluid Secretion
3. inflammation of bowel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AntiFungal
1. inhibit steroid 17a hydroxylase = inhibit steroid synthesis
2. Cushing's Disease
3. Hepatic Dysfunction (it inhibits hepatic P450's) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Short acting beta2-agonist for bronchodilation
2. asthma, COPD
3. not recommended as monotherapy; contra to underlying cardiac disease and MAOIs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A Methyxanthine (like caffeine!)
1. relaxes smooth muscle, blocks adenosine A2 receptors; inhibit PDE to cause bronchodilation
2. maintenace for asthma/COPD
3. Need THERAPEUTIC MONITORING for TOXICITY! also insomnia, agitation, tachycardia, tremor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Short acting beta2-agonist for bronchodilation
2. asthma, COPD
3. not recommended as monotherapy; contra to underlying cardiac disease and MAOIs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist; is quaternary (+) to minimize systemic effects
2. Asthma or COPD pts who cannot take b2-agonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 2nd Gen H1-Receptor Competitive Antagonist; so doesn't really get to CNS to sedate
2. allergic rxn, itch, flare, rhinitis, urticaria (NOT bronchoconstriction)
3. metabo. by CYP450's; sedation more minimal, no anticholinergic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 2nd Gen H1-Receptor Competitive Antagonist
2. allergic rxn, itch, flare, rhinitis, urticaria (NOT bronchoconstriction)
3. metabo. by CYP450's; sedation more minimal, no anticholinergic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 2nd Gen H1-Receptor Competitive Antagonist
2. allergic rxn, itch, flare, rhinitis, urticaria (NOT bronchoconstriction)
3. metabo. by CYP450's; sedation more minimal, no anticholinergic effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. PGE1 analog; patent ductus arteriosus, vasodilation
2. maintain maternal/fetal flow; impotence? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. PGE2 analog
2. parturition, facilitate labor: contracts pregnant uterus (tho relaxes non-preg.), induce abortion, control post-partum hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. inhibits migration of granulocytes to inflamed area
2. Acute gout attacks, or gout-attack prophylaxis
3. Blood dyscrasias, myopathy, neuropathy, N&V, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. compete for the renal Organic Acid ReUptake transporters = decreased reabsorption & increase excretion of uric acid; Pt must drink lots of water!
2. Gout
3. Hypersensitivity rxn, rash, GI irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. compete for the renal Organic Acid ReUptake transporters = decreased reabsorption & increase excretion of uric acid; Pt must drink lots of water!
2. Gout
3. Hypersensitivity rxn, rash, GI irritation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. competitively inhibit xanthine oxidase to reduce formation of uric acid
2. long term gout tx
3. hypersensitivity rxn, rash, fever, malaise, aches, rarely leukopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. competitively inhibit xanthine oxidase to reduce formation of uric acid
2. long term gout tx
3. hypersensitivity rxn, rash, fever, malaise, aches, rarely leukopenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Synthetic GnRH; mimic normal, or desensitize Anterior Pit GnRH-Receptors
2. intermittently for hypothalamic infertility or continuously for contraception |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. GnRH "superagonist" with long 1/2Life; densensitize GnRH-R of anterior pit = ↓FSH/LH and ↓testosterone (or estrogen) circulating
2. Prostate Cancer Medical Castration, Endometriosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. GnRH "superagonist" with long 1/2Life; densensitize GnRH-R of anterior pit = ↓FSH/LH and ↓testosterone (or estrogen) circulating
2. Prostate Cancer Medical Castration, Endometriosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. GnRH "superagonist" with long 1/2Life; densensitize GnRH-R of anterior pit = ↓FSH/LH and ↓testosterone (or estrogen) circulating
2. Prostate Cancer Medical Castration, Endometriosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Pure GnRH Antagonist, inhibits FSH/LH release without waiting for desensitization
2. infertility (esp IVF) management to prevent premature LH surge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Pure GnRH Antagonist, inhibits FSH/LH release without waiting for desensitization
2. infertility (esp IVF) management to prevent premature LH surge |
|
|
Term
| human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) |
|
Definition
1. urine-collected; mimics LH surge
2. induce ovulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. human menopausal gonadotropin; recovered FSH & LH from urine
2. stimulate follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. purified FSH
2. stimulate follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. recombinant FSH
2. stimulate follicle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. decrease GnRH pulse frequency, make uterus secretions viscous instead of watery
2. to blunt unoppsed estrogen, maintain pregnancy (suppress menstruation), develop secretory endometrium, prolif breast acini, thermogenic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. progestin prodrug used as a SLOW RELEASE (over months!) injectable form; transformed to progesterone
2. nursing mothers, can be used as progestin-only contraception
3. breakthrough bleeding, impaired fertility upon withrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. progestin
2. nursing mothers, can be used as progestin-only contraception
3. androgen x-over effects, 3. breakthrough bleeding, impaired fertility upon withrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. progestin with anti-androgenic, anti-mineralcorticoid activity
2. Oral Contraceptives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. progestin with minimal androgen x-over activity
2. nursing mothers, can be used as progestin-only contraception
3. breakthrough bleeding, impaired fertility upon withrawal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. progestin, prevent ovulation
2. Emeregency Contraception (+/- ethinyl estradiol)
3. has LEAST androgen x-over effects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1."abortion pill" competitive antag to progesterone AND glucocortocoid receptors
2. +misoprostol = medical abortion; hormone control tx to Progest+ cancer;
3. bleeding, N&V, ↑circulating ACTH and Adrenal steroids; NOT for ECTOPIC pregnancies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. expensive 1st pass, not orally effective; 1/2Life~few mins |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. MUCH longer 1/2Life (~12-24hrs) synthetic estrogen; Orally effective
2. in Oral Contraceptives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. another endogenous estrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. synthetic estrogen oral PRODRUG, quickly demethylated to ethinyl estradiol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Estrogen-sulfate Esters that are WATER SOLUBLE salts; hydrolyzed in gut for SLOW absorption
2. instead of giving estradiol which would be gone in minutes; a useful low-dose estrogen ex-HRT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. synthetic estrogen, to feedback & ↓testosterone
2. tx of prostate Cancer
3. feminize; risk to fetus for later developement of vaginal clear cell CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| OTC plant non-steroidal compounds with estrogen-like structure; has weak + and - estrogen activity, not regulated and risks unclear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. a SERM: Estrogen-R Antag; blocks estrogen-mediated inhibition of LH/FSH release from pituitary to induce ovulation
2. Ovarian failure ("fertility drug")
3. overstimulation can = mltp pregnancies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. a SERM; anatag to breast
2. ER+ Breast CA
3. N&V, HOT FLASHES, ↑endometrial CA risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. a SERM; more selective, = no effect to uterus! but still has neg effect on clotting
2. osteoporosis in pt with ↑Br CA risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Non-Steroidal aromatase inhibitor
2. adjunct with tamoxifen and 1st line tx of Br CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Non-Steroidal aromatase inhibitor
2. adjunct with tamoxifen and 1st line tx of Br CA
3. HOT FLASHES, ↑risk of skeletal & cardiac events and hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Steroidal aromatase inhibitor
2. adjunct with tamoxifen and 1st line tx of Br CA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. high 1st pass, highly bound, inactive orally
2. hypogonadism, erythropoiesis stimulation, herditary angioedema, AIDS muscle wasting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. alkylated orally effective androgenic steroid
2. WEIGHT GAIN, Turner's, hypogonadism, erythropoiesis stimulation, herditary angioedema, AIDS muscle wasting
3. Hepatic Toxicity, ↑LDL ↓HDL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. synthetic androgen to inhibit LH/FSH and ↓Estrogen
2. endometriosis; hereditary angioedema
3. effects of giving a female an androgen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Steroidal: weak partial agonist to androgen receptor
2. prostate CA?
3. inhibit spermatogenesis & libido |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. NON-Steroidal anti androgen
2. prostate cancer, often + GnRH analog to antagonize adrenal androgens; off-label for hirsutism
3. HEPATOTOXIC, gynecomastia, impotence |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. NON-Steroidal anti androgen
2. prostate cancer, often + GnRH analog to antagonize adrenal androgens
3. gynecomastia, impotence, LESS Hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit 5a-reductase type 2 to block production of DHT
2. BPH, male-pattern baldness
3. impotence; contra to pregnancy women, liver impairment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. inhibitor a-glucosidase on brush boarder in SI to delay CHO absorption = smaller blood gluc spikes
2. DM2 adjunct
3. GI problems, less of hypoglycemia; CONTRA to IBD! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 1st gen Sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue; inhibit K-conductance of beta-cell K+-Ch
2. non/mild-obese DM2 pt adjunct (orally)
3. disulfiram-effects! weight gain(metabo by liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 1st Gen Sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue; inhibit K-conductance of beta-cell K+-Ch
2. non/mild-obese DM2 pt adjunct (orally)
3. disulfiram-effects! weight gain(metabo by liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 2nd gen Sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue; inhibit K-conductance of beta-cell K+-Ch
2. non/mild-obese DM2 pt adjunct (orally)
3. hypoglycemia, pruritis, weight gain(metabo by liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. 2nd gen Sulfonylurea insulin secretagogue; inhibit K-conductance of beta-cell K+-Ch
2. non/mild-obese DM2 pt adjunct (orally)
3. hypoglycemia, pruritis, weight gain(metabo by liver) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Meglitinide insulin secretagogue; inhibit K-conductance of beta-cell K+-Ch
2. DM2 adjunct
3. hypoglycemia, headache, weight gain (metabo in liver)
4. contra with PPARa ag-gemfibrozil or NPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Meglitinide insulin secretagogue; inhibit K-conductance of beta-cell K+-Ch
2. DM2 adjunct
3. hypoglycemia, headache, weight gain (metabo in liver)
4. contra with PPARa ag-gemfibrozil or NPH |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Incretin: GLP-1 analog, potentiates glucose-mediated insulin release
2. DM2 adjunct
3. Hypoglycemia, GI probs, THYROID CA, MEN SYNDROME! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Incretin: DPP-4 inhibitor to ↓GLP-1 breakdown & potentiate glucose-mediated insulin release
2. DM2 adjunct
3. Hypoglycemia, GI probs, THYROID CA, MEN SYNDROME! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. TZDs; activate PPARγ to alter genes = ↑insulin sensitivity; ↑adipose differentiation to bring in glucose
2. DM2
3. Weight Gain, URT-infections, ↑risk of ischemic events (contra to HF pts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. TZDs; activate PPARγ to alter genes = ↑insulin sensitivity; ↑adipose differentiation to bring in glucose
2. DM2
3. CV RISKS! Weight Gain, URT-infections, ↑risk of ischemic events (contra to HF pts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. activates glycogenolysis, relaxes GI smooth muscle
2. rescue tx in severe hypoglycemia
3. NAUSEA&VOMITING; contra to pheochromocytoma or insulinoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Biguanide; activates AMPK = ↓gluconeogenesis, ↑glucose uptake in muscle to get ↑insulin sensitivity & ↓plasma glucose and TGs
2. DM2 orally
3. Lactic Acidosis, GI upset, hypoxemia disease states; NO Weight Gain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. antidiuretic that inhibits insulin secretion from panc by potentiating K+-Ch conductance and hyperpolarizing the beta-cells
2. acute hypoglycemia from hyper-insulin states (under CLOSE SUPERVISION, orally)
3. fluid retention (!HF pts) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. synthetic T4 hormone; Mg+ or Ca2+ alter bioavailability; 35% converted to T3
2. replacement; TSH suppressant in goiters
3. contra during acute MI, angina; exacerbate DM, DI, or cortical insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| triiodothyronine(liothyronine) |
|
Definition
1. Synthetic T3 hormone; more potent than levothyroxine with ↑bio but ↓↓1/2Life and does not ↑T4 levels
2. replacement; TSH suppressant in goiters
3. contra during acute MI, angina; exacerbate DM, DI, or cortical insufficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit thyroid peroxidase; also inhibits 5'deiodinase
2. Pregnant pts! graves, hyperthyroid, toxic goiter
3. SEVERE liver injury/failure! goitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. inhibit thyroid peroxidase
2. Preferred tx to grave's, hyperthyroid, toxic goiter
3. contra to Pregnancy (crosses barriers); goitrogen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. permanent destruction of follicular cells by emitted b/γ particles
2. graves, overactive thyroid, THYROID CA
3. hypothyroid; contra to Pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. oversaturate & downregulate system with lots of I- to inhibit Iodination (Wolff Chaikoff) and thyroid-H release
2. emergent thyroid storm tx, reduce size before surgery
3. "rescue" occures 5-6days; hypothyroidism; contra to Iodide hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. iodine-containing radiopaque contrast for XRays
2. thyroid storm, graves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. B-blocker; can inhibit 5'-deiodinase = ↓T4/T3 conversion and ↑rT3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. anti-thyroid; concentrates in thyroid and ihibits hormone release |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bisphosphonate: inhibits osteoclasts
2. osteoporosis, paget's disease
3. Avascular Necrosis of the Jaw! back pain, arthralgia, CONTRA to ESOPHOGEAL probs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bisphosphonate: inhibits osteoclasts
2. osteoporosis, paget's disease
3. Avascular Necrosis of the Jaw! back pain, arthralgia, CONTRA to ESOPHOGEAL probs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bisphosphonate: inhibits osteoclasts
2. osteoporosis, paget's disease
3. Avascular Necrosis of the Jaw! back pain, arthralgia, CONTRA to ESOPHOGEAL probs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. bisphosphonate: inhibits osteoclasts
2. osteoporosis, paget's disease
3. Avascular Necrosis of the Jaw! back pain, arthralgia, CONTRA to ESOPHOGEAL probs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. from Parafollicular cells when Ca>9.5mg/DL, or a Salmon prep drug; inhibits osteoclasts and ↓renal Ca reabsorption
2. Post-Menopause osteoporosis, Paget's, hypercalcemia
3. RHINITIS with nasal spray, alters lithium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antibiotic; inhibits RNA/PRO synthesis seemed to give anti-catabolic effect to bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. modified Vit D; ↑Ca(&Phos) absorption in SI via ↑calbindin and Ca-pumps; but also ↓25(OH)-D-1a-hydroxylase (feedback) in kidney; can also ↑reabsorption from bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. stimulates osteoblasts but they use fluoroapatite instead of hydroxyapetite and the bones are very brittle! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1. from Chief Cells; ↑Ca+ & but ↓PHOS reabsorption in kidney, ↑VitD activation in kidney, ↑bone Ca/Phos resorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. IV Ca solution
2. hypocalcemia
3. contra to VFib pts or hypercalcemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. anti-hypercalcemic tx; increases Ca+-sensor of Chief cells sensitivity = ↓PTH
2. secondary hypercalcemia, ParaThyroid CA hypercalcemia
3. hypocalcemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. anti-hypercalcemic tx; inhibits Ca-reabsorption in ascending loop of Henle in PROPERLY HYDRATED pts
2. hypercalcemic cancer pts
3. dehydration, hypotension; contra to ANURIA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Ultra short-acting insulin analog b/c hexamer associating is limited
2. Bolus
3. Hypoglycemia, insulin shock, allergic rxn, localized fat accumulation at injection site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ultra-short acting insulin analog
2. Bolus
3. Hypoglycemia, insulin shock, allergic rxn, localized fat accumulation at injection site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. ultra-short acting insulin
2. bolus
3. Hypoglycemia, insulin shock, allergic rxn, localized fat accumulation at injection site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 3. Hypoglycemia, insulin shock, allergic rxn, localized fat accumulation at injection site |
|
|
Term
| NPH (Neutral Protein Hagedorn) |
|
Definition
insulin analog made with zinc and protamine, making it less soluble and longer (intermediate) acting
3. Hypoglycemia, insulin shock, allergic rxn, localized fat accumulation at injection site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
intermediate-acting insulin analog; a C14 FA added to increase tissue & albumin binding, creating insulin depots in the blood
3. Hypoglycemia, insulin shock, allergic rxn, localized fat accumulation at injection site |
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Term
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Definition
1. Long-acting insulin analog; soluble in acidic pH, but precipitates once injected
2. Basal Insulin replacement
3. Hypoglycemia, insulin shock, allergic rxn, localized fat accumulation at injection site |
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