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anti-inflammatory
AIDS
42
Pharmacology
Graduate
07/06/2014

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
aspirin
Definition
cox inhibitor
inhibits prostoglandin synth
lowers fever
inhibits platelets
increases bleeding
GI distress
allergies
may reduce effectivness of coumadin (anti coagulant)/oral insulin/dilantin(anti seizure)
may reduce excretion of methotrexate(cancer drug) increases toxicity
alcohol increases GI bleeds
salsalate/disalcid/doloboid-less effective less GI bleeds
Term
NSAIDS
Definition
ibuprofen
Inhibits cox-1 and cox-2
RA,DJD,arthrallgias,myalgias
fluid retention=edema,renal dysfunction,CHF,hypouria
GI Ulceration
same alerrgies as aspirin
increase bleeds with coumadin
increases blood lithium(bipolar med)
Term
COX 2 inhibitor
Definition
spares cox 1 "good" protoglandin
celecoxib(vioxx,celebrex,bextra...)
RA/DJD
potential fatal cardiac effects
Term
glucocorticosteroids
Definition
cortisol/hydrocortisone
synthetics prednisone/dexamethasone
stong antiinflammatories
RA/DJD
injectable
replace adrenal function withdrawals possible when removed
immunosupression
mood swings
cataracts
cushings"moon face"/hirsutism/acne/stria"stretch marks"
fluid retention
hyperglycemia
osteoporosis
myopathy
GI Distress
Term
disease modigying antirheumatic drugs
Definition
DMARDS
chronic inflammatory disease
Term
methotrexate
Definition
also for cancer
liver dysfunction
GI
blood problems thrombis
renal dysfunction
Term
anticytokines
Definition
anti tumor necrosis factor TNF
inactivate TNF
treats RA inflammation
enbrel
Term
other DMARDS
Definition
Arava-leflunomide inhibit B and T cells
remicade-infliximab used with methotrexate
kineret-anakinra blocks interleukin
side effects to all increase infections
Term
antimalarials
Definition
DMARDS
unknown mechanism
mental status/retinopathy/weakness/ increased deep tendon reflexes
Term
sulfa drugs
penicillamine
imuran
Definition
DMARDS
GI
skin bone marrow depression
Term
neoral-cyclosporine
Definition
supresses T and B cells
HTN
nephrotoxicity
lots of drug interactions
must report change in patient status do to so many possible interactions
Term
gold therapy
Definition
DMARD
blood disorder
renal dysfunction
dermatitis
Term
osteoporosis non pharm prevention
Definition
calcium and vit D
calcium may inhibit absorbtion of other drugs
low vit D/bran/spinach decrease calcium absorption
weight bearing exercise
stop smoking
stop alcohol
decrease caffeine
Term
biphosphates
Definition
inhibit osteoclasts
increase bone mass/density
Term
fosamax-alendronate
actonel-risedronate
Definition
GI/myalgias/esophageal lesions
must take 30min before breakfast and with water and stand whole time
Term
dironel-etidronate
Definition
used for pagets and heterotropic ossifican
cannot take with antacids
Term
forteo-teriparatide parathyroid
evista-raloxifene
Definition
selective antiestrogen agent
prevents osteoporosis in menapause
hot flashes/leg cramps
cannot use if risk osteosarcoma"pagets"
Term
calcitonin
Definition
inhibits osteoclasts
nasal spray
does not prevent osteoporosis
can be used in pagets
pain/myalgias/HA/nasal sympt
Term
hormone replacemt
Definition
good for bones and heaert
increases risk of cancer
not really used
Term
Valium-diazepam
Definition
muscle relaxant
drowsiness
withdrawal
some drugs can increase blood levels of valium
Term
zanaflex-tizanidine
Definition
muscle relaxant
hypotension
Term
parafon forte-chlorzoxaone
flexeril-cyclobenzaprine
soma-carisoprodol
robaxin-methocarbamol
norflex-erphenadrine
Definition
muscle relaxants
temprorary acute spasms
all can interact with MAOIs and cause hypertensive crisis
flexiril similar to antidepressants and can cass tachycardia,blurred vision, dry mouth
Term
lioresal-baclofen
Definition
inhibit substance P
used to treat spasticity
drowsiness
increases seizures in epileptics
Term
dantrium-dantrolene
Definition
muscle relaxant
chronic spasticity
dizzy/drowsy/diarrhea/photosensitivity
liver toxicity
seizures/tachycardia/weakness
cardiac and respiratory dysfunction contraindcated due to lack of heart and diaphram strength
Term
morphine, codeine, hydrocodone(vicodin) ,methadone, oxycodone (percocet, percodan, oxycontin)
,meperidine (demoral) ,hydromorphine (dilaudid)
Definition
opiod narcotic
uses
analgesia
antitusivve "cough": codeine
antidiarrheal: loperimide,lomotil
dyspnea w/ MI, acute pulmonary edema, L cent failure: (morphine)
side effects
mental status(drowsy)
nausea vomiting
adverse seffects
postural hypotension-morphine
respiratory depression
twitches,seizures,tremors-demoral
tolerance
dependence
physiological withdrawal
pain levels difficult to ascertain
Term
fetanyl (duragesic, actiq)
Definition
opiod narcotic
stable chronic pain
patch-duragesic,lozenge actiq buccal
actiq acts 15-45 minutes
Term
acetaminophen-tylenol
Definition
nonopiod narcotic
inhibits prostaglandins
mild moderate pain
not an anti-inflamatory
antipyrtic
adverse effects
in large doses liver damage
4 grams max 10-15 grams per day result in side effects
be aware of acetaminophen in other OTCs and Prescription drugs
Term
diuretics-thiazides-HCTZ,hydrodiuril
Definition
anti hypertension
inhibits sodium reabsorbtion water follows salt exits body
should not use in elderly or renal disease
side effects
hyperglycemia
hypokalemia-potassium
hyperuricemia-uric acid gout
increase LDL
hypercalcemia
drug interactions
increases lithium reabsorption,toxcicity
digoxin toxicity
Term
loop diuretics-furosemide LASIX, Bumex, edecrin
Definition
anti HTN
inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption
more effective than thiazides
used in elderly
side effects
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia(opp. of thiazides)
hyperglycemia
hyperurecemia
Term
potassium sparing diuretic-aldactone,dyrenium,midamor
Definition
anti HTN
weak diuretic prevents hypokalemia
side effect
hyperkalemia espescially w/ ACE inhibitors and potassium supplements
Term
deta-adrenergic blockers
Definition
beta-1 in heart, beta-2 in lungs
nonselective-propanolol (Inderal), nadolol(corgard), penbutolol(levatol)
selective beta-1= lopressor,atenolol
block renin release from kidney slowing HR and decreasing CO/BP
should not be used with COPD or angina
should not suddenly discontinue use
side effects
sleep disturbances
mental status include depression and disorientation
vaso-constriction cold extremities
Term
calcium channel blockers-Procardia XL, norvasc, cardizem, verapamil
Definition
calcium to myocardial and vascular cells blocked. contraction release=vasodialation=decrease in resistance/BP
side effects
bradycardia
peripheral vasodialation causes flushing, headaches, ankle edema, reflex tachycardia
drug interactoins
vepramil=digoxin toxicity
vepramiland beta blockers can cause cardiac depression AV block
Term
Aplpha-adrenergic blockers-1=prazosin(minpress) 2=clonidine (catapres) ,methyldopa (aldomet)
Definition
alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle cause vasodialation
side effects
syncope
headache
palpitations
aplpha -2 in brainstem decreases sympathetic firing decreaseing HR, resistance, BP
side effects
dry mouth
sedation
depression
adverse effects
w/ clonidine rebound HTN with withdrawal
w/ aldomet decreased mental acuity and hemolytic anemia
Term
Nitrates-sublingual nitroglycerin
Definition
vasodialator
opens coronary arteries and sends blood to feet decreaseing workload on heart
side effectsdizzy
flushing headache
reflex tachycardia
must sit when administered if no respone after 3 tabs MI
Term
ACE inhibitors-ends in pril
Definition
prevents angiotensen II=decrease smooth muscle contraction
inhibits aldosterone=less sodium water retention
keeps bradykinin active vaso dialator
used for L vent Failure
side effects
cough
decreased taste
adverse effects
hypotension
hyperkalemia
angioedema
w/ diuretics=hypotension
w/potassium sparing diuretics=hyperkalemia
w/ lithium toxicity
Term
digoxin-lanoxin
Definition
Heart Failure
increase heart contractility
adverse effects
toxicity S/S arrhythmia,anoerexia,vomiting, change in mental status, hallucinations, blurred visions
Term
vasodialators-hydralazine,apresoline,minoxidil
Definition
side effects
GI distress
HA
flushing
congestion
adverse effects
Lupus like-myalgias,arthralgias,rash
reflex tachycardia
Term
anticoagulant-warfarin coumadin
Definition
blocks viatmin K
adverse effects
hemmorage
microemboli=purple toe syndrome
birth defects spontaneous abortion
many drug interactions
some increase and decrease effects of medicine
Term
anticoagulant-heparin
Definition
naturally occurs in body to inhibit thrombin
fragmin,lovenox,innohep,arictra
often given following ortho surgery
Term
antiplatelet-aspirin
Definition
inhibits platlete aggregation
not to be used after injury inhibits clotting
Term
antiplatelt-plazix,clopidogrel
Definition
same as aspirin also used for PVD
Term
antiplatelet-ticlid, ticlopidin
Definition
same as aspirin
prevents stroke/ TIAs
side effects
Gi distress
dizzyness
adverse effects
decreased neutrophils
inhibits metabolization of dilantin, and bronchodialators
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