Term
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Definition
cox inhibitor
inhibits prostoglandin synth
lowers fever
inhibits platelets
increases bleeding
GI distress
allergies
may reduce effectivness of coumadin (anti coagulant)/oral insulin/dilantin(anti seizure)
may reduce excretion of methotrexate(cancer drug) increases toxicity
alcohol increases GI bleeds
salsalate/disalcid/doloboid-less effective less GI bleeds |
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Term
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Definition
ibuprofen
Inhibits cox-1 and cox-2
RA,DJD,arthrallgias,myalgias
fluid retention=edema,renal dysfunction,CHF,hypouria
GI Ulceration
same alerrgies as aspirin
increase bleeds with coumadin
increases blood lithium(bipolar med) |
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Term
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Definition
spares cox 1 "good" protoglandin
celecoxib(vioxx,celebrex,bextra...)
RA/DJD
potential fatal cardiac effects |
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Term
|
Definition
cortisol/hydrocortisone
synthetics prednisone/dexamethasone
stong antiinflammatories
RA/DJD
injectable
replace adrenal function withdrawals possible when removed
immunosupression
mood swings
cataracts
cushings"moon face"/hirsutism/acne/stria"stretch marks"
fluid retention
hyperglycemia
osteoporosis
myopathy
GI Distress |
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Term
| disease modigying antirheumatic drugs |
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Definition
DMARDS
chronic inflammatory disease |
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Term
|
Definition
also for cancer
liver dysfunction
GI
blood problems thrombis
renal dysfunction |
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Term
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Definition
anti tumor necrosis factor TNF
inactivate TNF
treats RA inflammation
enbrel |
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Term
|
Definition
Arava-leflunomide inhibit B and T cells
remicade-infliximab used with methotrexate
kineret-anakinra blocks interleukin
side effects to all increase infections |
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Term
|
Definition
DMARDS
unknown mechanism
mental status/retinopathy/weakness/ increased deep tendon reflexes |
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Term
sulfa drugs
penicillamine
imuran |
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Definition
DMARDS
GI
skin bone marrow depression |
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Term
|
Definition
supresses T and B cells
HTN
nephrotoxicity
lots of drug interactions
must report change in patient status do to so many possible interactions |
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Term
|
Definition
DMARD
blood disorder
renal dysfunction
dermatitis |
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Term
| osteoporosis non pharm prevention |
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Definition
calcium and vit D
calcium may inhibit absorbtion of other drugs
low vit D/bran/spinach decrease calcium absorption
weight bearing exercise
stop smoking
stop alcohol
decrease caffeine |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibit osteoclasts
increase bone mass/density |
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Term
fosamax-alendronate
actonel-risedronate |
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Definition
GI/myalgias/esophageal lesions
must take 30min before breakfast and with water and stand whole time |
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Term
|
Definition
used for pagets and heterotropic ossifican
cannot take with antacids |
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Term
forteo-teriparatide parathyroid
evista-raloxifene |
|
Definition
selective antiestrogen agent
prevents osteoporosis in menapause
hot flashes/leg cramps
cannot use if risk osteosarcoma"pagets" |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibits osteoclasts
nasal spray
does not prevent osteoporosis
can be used in pagets
pain/myalgias/HA/nasal sympt |
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Term
|
Definition
good for bones and heaert
increases risk of cancer
not really used |
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Term
|
Definition
muscle relaxant
drowsiness
withdrawal
some drugs can increase blood levels of valium |
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Term
|
Definition
muscle relaxant
hypotension |
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|
Term
parafon forte-chlorzoxaone
flexeril-cyclobenzaprine
soma-carisoprodol
robaxin-methocarbamol
norflex-erphenadrine |
|
Definition
muscle relaxants
temprorary acute spasms
all can interact with MAOIs and cause hypertensive crisis
flexiril similar to antidepressants and can cass tachycardia,blurred vision, dry mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibit substance P
used to treat spasticity
drowsiness
increases seizures in epileptics |
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Term
|
Definition
muscle relaxant
chronic spasticity
dizzy/drowsy/diarrhea/photosensitivity
liver toxicity
seizures/tachycardia/weakness
cardiac and respiratory dysfunction contraindcated due to lack of heart and diaphram strength |
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Term
morphine, codeine, hydrocodone(vicodin) ,methadone, oxycodone (percocet, percodan, oxycontin)
,meperidine (demoral) ,hydromorphine (dilaudid) |
|
Definition
opiod narcotic
uses
analgesia
antitusivve "cough": codeine
antidiarrheal: loperimide,lomotil
dyspnea w/ MI, acute pulmonary edema, L cent failure: (morphine)
side effects
mental status(drowsy)
nausea vomiting
adverse seffects
postural hypotension-morphine
respiratory depression
twitches,seizures,tremors-demoral
tolerance
dependence
physiological withdrawal
pain levels difficult to ascertain |
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Term
| fetanyl (duragesic, actiq) |
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Definition
opiod narcotic
stable chronic pain
patch-duragesic,lozenge actiq buccal
actiq acts 15-45 minutes |
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Term
|
Definition
nonopiod narcotic
inhibits prostaglandins
mild moderate pain
not an anti-inflamatory
antipyrtic
adverse effects
in large doses liver damage
4 grams max 10-15 grams per day result in side effects
be aware of acetaminophen in other OTCs and Prescription drugs |
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Term
| diuretics-thiazides-HCTZ,hydrodiuril |
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Definition
anti hypertension
inhibits sodium reabsorbtion water follows salt exits body
should not use in elderly or renal disease
side effects
hyperglycemia
hypokalemia-potassium
hyperuricemia-uric acid gout
increase LDL
hypercalcemia
drug interactions
increases lithium reabsorption,toxcicity
digoxin toxicity |
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Term
| loop diuretics-furosemide LASIX, Bumex, edecrin |
|
Definition
anti HTN
inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption
more effective than thiazides
used in elderly
side effects
hypokalemia
hypocalcemia(opp. of thiazides)
hyperglycemia
hyperurecemia |
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Term
| potassium sparing diuretic-aldactone,dyrenium,midamor |
|
Definition
anti HTN
weak diuretic prevents hypokalemia
side effect
hyperkalemia espescially w/ ACE inhibitors and potassium supplements |
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Term
|
Definition
beta-1 in heart, beta-2 in lungs
nonselective-propanolol (Inderal), nadolol(corgard), penbutolol(levatol)
selective beta-1= lopressor,atenolol
block renin release from kidney slowing HR and decreasing CO/BP
should not be used with COPD or angina
should not suddenly discontinue use
side effects
sleep disturbances
mental status include depression and disorientation
vaso-constriction cold extremities |
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Term
| calcium channel blockers-Procardia XL, norvasc, cardizem, verapamil |
|
Definition
calcium to myocardial and vascular cells blocked. contraction release=vasodialation=decrease in resistance/BP
side effects
bradycardia
peripheral vasodialation causes flushing, headaches, ankle edema, reflex tachycardia
drug interactoins
vepramil=digoxin toxicity
vepramiland beta blockers can cause cardiac depression AV block |
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Term
| Aplpha-adrenergic blockers-1=prazosin(minpress) 2=clonidine (catapres) ,methyldopa (aldomet) |
|
Definition
alpha 1 receptors in smooth muscle cause vasodialation
side effects
syncope
headache
palpitations
aplpha -2 in brainstem decreases sympathetic firing decreaseing HR, resistance, BP
side effects
dry mouth
sedation
depression
adverse effects
w/ clonidine rebound HTN with withdrawal
w/ aldomet decreased mental acuity and hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| Nitrates-sublingual nitroglycerin |
|
Definition
vasodialator
opens coronary arteries and sends blood to feet decreaseing workload on heart
side effectsdizzy
flushing headache
reflex tachycardia
must sit when administered if no respone after 3 tabs MI |
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Term
| ACE inhibitors-ends in pril |
|
Definition
prevents angiotensen II=decrease smooth muscle contraction
inhibits aldosterone=less sodium water retention
keeps bradykinin active vaso dialator
used for L vent Failure
side effects
cough
decreased taste
adverse effects
hypotension
hyperkalemia
angioedema
w/ diuretics=hypotension
w/potassium sparing diuretics=hyperkalemia
w/ lithium toxicity |
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Term
|
Definition
Heart Failure
increase heart contractility
adverse effects
toxicity S/S arrhythmia,anoerexia,vomiting, change in mental status, hallucinations, blurred visions |
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Term
| vasodialators-hydralazine,apresoline,minoxidil |
|
Definition
side effects
GI distress
HA
flushing
congestion
adverse effects
Lupus like-myalgias,arthralgias,rash
reflex tachycardia |
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Term
| anticoagulant-warfarin coumadin |
|
Definition
blocks viatmin K
adverse effects
hemmorage
microemboli=purple toe syndrome
birth defects spontaneous abortion
many drug interactions
some increase and decrease effects of medicine |
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Term
|
Definition
naturally occurs in body to inhibit thrombin
fragmin,lovenox,innohep,arictra
often given following ortho surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
inhibits platlete aggregation
not to be used after injury inhibits clotting |
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Term
| antiplatelt-plazix,clopidogrel |
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Definition
| same as aspirin also used for PVD |
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Term
| antiplatelet-ticlid, ticlopidin |
|
Definition
same as aspirin
prevents stroke/ TIAs
side effects
Gi distress
dizzyness
adverse effects
decreased neutrophils
inhibits metabolization of dilantin, and bronchodialators |
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