Term
| Thiazide Diuretics: MOA (early) |
|
Definition
early in therapy:
-decreased cardiac output
-unchanged or increased peripheral resit |
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Term
| Thiazide diuretics: MOA (late) |
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Definition
6-8 weeks into therapy:
-CO returns to normal
-continued salt depletion leads to
reduction of peripheral resistance |
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Term
| Beta Blockers: Three types and examples |
|
Definition
Non-selective
-Propanolol
Selective (beta 1)
-metoprolol, atenolol
Mixed (alpha 1 and Beta 1+2)
-labetalol |
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Term
|
Definition
-Decreases cardiac output
-reduces plasma renin levels
-time dependent effects
*first two lowered in hours, BP days*
-Initially increased peripheral resist
-Chronic use resistance falls back toward pretreatment levels |
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Term
| Alpha-andrenergic blockers: MOA |
|
Definition
- inhib action of catecholamines on arteriolar and venous tone
-due to action on arterioles, peripheral resistance is reduced |
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Term
| Alpha-andrenergic blockers: AE and Inter |
|
Definition
-potural hypotension, dizziness, palpitaions
-sedation, fatigue
-retention of sodium
-More effective with beta blocker and diuretic |
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Term
|
Definition
| -Reserpine and guanethidine |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Depletes all adrenergic nerves of catecholamines |
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Term
|
Definition
works exclusively on periphery
-chronic uses causes NE depletion in periphery
-for BOTH drugs CO and PR are reduced |
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Term
|
Definition
-Depression, sedation at high doses
-little postural hypotension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-postural hypotension is common
**why drug is only used for severe case of hypertension**
-No CNS effects |
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Term
| Central alpha agonists: MOA |
|
Definition
-decrease sympathetic outflow from vasomotor areas of the brain
-"sensitizes" the baroreceptor reflex
**PR and CO are reduced** |
|
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Term
| AE of central alpha agonists |
|
Definition
-most common
*sedation and mental depression*
-Clonidine
*Xerostomia (dry mouth)
***NO SUDDEN WITHDRAWL, rebound hypertension*** |
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|
Term
| Calcium Channel Blockers: MOA |
|
Definition
-blockade of v-gated Ca channels in smooth muscle
-reduced peripheral resistance
-CO is variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
most common:
-dizziness, HA, hypotension, edema
Most serious:
-manife of cariodepression, bradychardia, heart block, HF |
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Term
| Hydralazine, minoxidil, and diazoxide: MOA |
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Definition
| relax vascular smooth muscle (arterial/arteriols) |
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Term
|
Definition
dilates both arteries and veins
generates NO |
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Term
|
Definition
-can cause reflex increase in SNS tone
-HR and CO are increased
-Decreased renal sodium excretion |
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