Term
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Definition
| yeast, mold, rust, mushrooms |
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Term
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Definition
| living on dead organic matter |
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Term
| yeast can cause infections if |
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Definition
| introduced via wounds or inhalation |
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Term
| obligate intracellular parasite and fungi |
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Definition
only a few
candida albicans-gi flora
dermatophytes- living on/in keratin can cause ringworm/athlete's foot |
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Term
| fungi are eukaryotes with |
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Definition
-lipid rich membrane
-DNA organized in chromosomes in nucleus
-cytoplasmic organelles (ER, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, storage vacuoles) |
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Term
| unlike mammalian cells, fungi have |
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Definition
| cell wall that functions like bacterial cell wall |
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Term
| differences btw fungi and human cells |
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Definition
fungi have cell walls
diffrences in cell membrane, genetics, biosynthetic pathways |
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Term
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Definition
EX-caspofungin and Micafungin,
moa-inhibit -(1,3)-D-glucan synthase, and thus disrupt cell-wall integrity in much the same way b-lactam antibiotics disrupt bacterial cell walls. |
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Term
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Definition
| moa-selectively taken up by fungal cells via the enzyme “cytosine permease” into fungal cell cytosol and converted to 5-fluorouracil, a potent inhibitor of DNA and RNA synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
ex-amphotericin B
moa-binds to the cell membrane sterol ergosterol, thereby forming pores in the membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
Ex-fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole
moa-specifically inhibit the fungal enzyme lanosterol 14-alpha-demethylase and blocks the production of ergosterol causing the accumulation of a toxic sterol intermediate, which results in cell membrane stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| CYP450 14DM= lanosterol 14alpha demethylase |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| flucytosine gets metabolized and leads to |
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Definition
| blocking of thymidylate synthase and interferes with DNA synthesis; 5-fluorouracil is also converted into 5-fluorouridine triphosphate, which disrupts RNA synthesis. Note: Human cells do not contain cytosine permease or cytosine deaminase. |
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Term
| Sterols account for approximately |
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Definition
| 25% of the weight of the cell membrane. |
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Term
| the predominant sterol in many pathogenic fungi |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
2 nitrogen atom containing ring system),
Ketoconazole
Miconazole
Clortrimazole |
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Term
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Definition
3 nitrogen atom containing ring system)
Itraconazole
Fluconazole
Voriconazole
Posaconazole |
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Term
| Triazoles are more selective than |
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Definition
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Term
| Extensively and rapidly metabolized via |
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Definition
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Term
| azole resistance occurs due to |
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Definition
| mutations in the cyp51A gene that encodes the target of azoles, lanosterol 14α-demethylase. |
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Term
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Definition
broad
used topically to treat superficial dermatophytic and yeast infections.
orally for systemic fungal infections |
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Term
| Because azoles are substrates for and thus potent inhibitors of the CYP3A4 enzyme pathway, |
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Definition
| sometimes life threatening drug interactions occur |
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Term
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Definition
minor GI disturbances
May cause abnormalities in liver enzymes
Rare but may cause hepatitis |
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