Term
Phenobarbital
MOA
Metabolized by ___
Half life
Interacts with ___
Adverse effects (3)
Seizure type
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Definition
MOA: binds GABA A, Cl- channel
Metabolized by: liver
Half life: 80-100 hr
Interacts with: p450 inducer (decreases concentration of primidone, phenytoin, and carbamazepine)
Adverse effects (3): decreases bone density, dupuytren contractures, category D teratogenic
Seizure type: focal and GTC (NOT absence) |
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Term
Primidone
MOA
Metabolized by ___
Half life
Interacts with ___
Adverse effects
Seizure type
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Definition
MOA: Binds GABA, Cl- channel
Metabolized by: liver and converted to phenobarbital and PEMA (also active)
Half life: 10-15 hours
Interacts with: p450 inducer (decreases concentration of phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine)
Adverse effects: toxicity= dizzy, ataxia, N/V
Seizure type: focal and GTC |
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Term
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
MOA
Metabolized by ___
Interacts with ___ (4)
Adverse effects (6)
Seizure type |
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Definition
MOA: Na+ channel (prolongs fact inactivated state)
Metabolized by: liver, highly protein bound
Interacts with:
- calcium decreases its availability
- p450 C29 and 2C19 inducer (reduces primidone, phenobarbital, and carbamazepine)
Adverse effects: SJS, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, anemia, decreases bone density, peripheral neuropathy
Seizure type: focal and GTC (NOT absence or myoclonic) |
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Term
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
MOA
Metabolized by ___
Interacts with ___ (2)
Adverse effects (8)
Seizure type |
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Definition
MOA: blocks Na+ channel
Metabolized by: liver, Cyp 3A4
Interacts with: p450 inducer (decreases concomitant phenobarbital, primidone, phenytoin, and ITSELF)
Adverse effects: regular toxicity, hyponatremia, weight gain, decrease mineral bone density, aplastic anemia, SJS and TEN, lupus-like, in pregnancy=spina bifida
Seizure type: focal and GTC but NOT absence, myoclonic, and atonic (so NOT for idiopathic) |
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Term
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)
MOA
Interacts with ___
Adverse effects
Seizure type |
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Definition
MOA: Binds Na+ channel fast type
Interacts with: oral contraceptives (reduces efficacy of contraceptives), increases phenytoin levels
Adverse effects: drowsiness, HA, fatigue, rash, hyponatremia
Seizure type: FOCAL seizure |
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Term
Valproic acid (Depakote)
MOA
Metabolized by ___
Interacts with ___
Adverse effects
Seizure type |
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Definition
MOA: multiple, potentiates GABA, blocks T type Ca channels, blocks Na channels
Metabolized by: liver
Interacts with: increases barbiturates which decrease valproate, carbapenem abx decrease valproate level
Adverse effects: liver toxicity, thrombocytopenia, cerebellar atrophy, decreased mental alertness, neural tube defects
Seizure type: Complex partial seizures |
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Term
Gabapentin
MOA
Metabolized by ___
Half life
Interacts with ___
Adverse effects
Seizure type |
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Definition
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