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anti-bacterials
antibacterial drugs
33
Medical
Graduate
09/21/2009

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

The first beta-lactam antibiotic discovered

 

it still has good activity against syphilis and certain gram positives like streptococcus

Definition

Penicillin

 

G form given IV

V form taken PO

Term

An aminopenicillin that inhibits cell wall synthesis

 

extends spectrum of pencillins to cover gram-negative organisms like proteus

is used in combo w/other drugs for H. pylori

Definition
Ampicillin
Term
The PO equivalent of ampicillin
Definition
amoxicillin
Term

binds to and inactivates many beta-lactamases

 

confers additional activity most notably against MRSA and B. fragilis; also extends gram-negative spectrum

Definition
Clauvulanic acid
Term

There are many generations of this beta-lactam bactericidal antimicrobials

 

later generations have better gram-negative coverage and less gram-positive activity

Definition
Cephalosporins
Term

The prototype of the carbapenem family, it has the broadest spectrum of activity and is highly beta-lactamase resistant

 

has empiric coverage of virtually all bacteria

Definition
Imipenem
Term

a glycopeptide antimicrobial that binds w/high affinity to the D-alanyl-D-alanine portion of cell wall precursors and prevents polymerization of peptidoglycans

 

bactericidial for dividing gram POSITIVE bacteria

Definition
Vancomycin
Term
This polypeptide antibiotic inhibits cell wall synthesis but is administered topically ONLY
Definition
Bacitracin
Term

This tetracycline antimicrobial is bacteriostatic,

it reversibly binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit

 

it is used for rickettsial, chalmydial, spirochete infections; malaria prophylaxis; atypical pneumonia

 

Definition
doxycycline
Term
Do not ingest dairy products when taking _____ class of drugs, it binds ca2+ and can impair bone growth/cause tooth discoloration
Definition
Tetracycline antibacterials
Term

This macrolide antimicrobial inhbiits protein synthesis by binding 50S subunit

 

it is also a motilin receptor agonist

 

used for: CA-penumonia, strep/pneumococcal infections in penicillin allergic patients

Definition
Erythromycin
Term

This drug binds to 50S subunit and inhibits the petidyl transferase step; it is bacteriostatic

 

used for gram + cocci, anaerobes

Definition
Clindamycin
Term
This 50S protein synthesis inhibitor has acitivty against MRSA and VRE
Definition
linezolid
Term

binds the 50S subunit blocking peptidyl transferase, is bacteriostatic and inhibits mitochondrial protein synthesis in bone marrow

 

causes aplastic anemia and gray baby syndrome

Definition
Chloramphenicol
Term

This bacteriostatic antimicrobial is a structural analog of PABA that antagonized dihydropteroate synthetase

 

is synergistic w/trimethoprim

 

used for CA-MRSA, PCP, toxo, nocardia, UTIs

Definition
Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
Term
this sulfa drug is used as a silver ointment for burn infections
Definition
sulfadiazine
Term
this sulfa drug is used for ocular infections
Definition
sulfacetamide
Term

this DHFR inhibitor is used in compination w/sulfonamide

 

can cause megaloblastic anemia

Definition
trimethoprim
Term

This bactericidal fluoroquinolone inhibits bacterial topoisomerase and DNA gyrase

 

has a wide range of activity against gram-negatives and some activity against gram positives, but very little activity on anaerobes

active against mycobacteria/atypicals

Definition
Ciprofloxacin
Term
this bactericidal fluoroquinolone is now used only as a urinary antiseptic
Definition
nalidixic acid
Term
a 3rd generation quinolone with good gram + activity
Definition
levofloxacin
Term

this drug produces cytoxotic intermediates that react w/DNA, protein, bacterial membranes

 

used for anaerobic infections, c.difficle, protozoan parasites

can cause disulfram-like reactions w/ethanol

Definition
Metronidazole
Term
this drug is used for prophylactic treatment of mycobacterium tuberculosis
Definition
isoniazid
Term

bactericidal agent that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of mycobacteria by binding to B-subunit

 

used for Tuberculosis, M.leprae, eradication of H.influenza or N.meningococcus carriage

Definition
Rifampin
Term

A structural analog of PABA that competitively inhibits dihydropteroate synthase

 

used for treatment of PCP or M. leprae

Definition
Dapsone
Term

4th generation cephalosporin

 

good activity against gram+ including S. aureus

good activity against gram - including Pseudomonas

Definition
Cefepime
Term
3rd generation cephalosporin with activity against Staph aureus
Definition
Ceftriaxone
Term
3rd generation cephalosporins with pseudomonas activity
Definition
ceftazidime and cefoperazone
Term
2nd generation cephalosporin with reasonable anaerobic activity
Definition
cefoxitin and cefotetan
Term
2nd generation cephalosporin with good gram positive, moderate gram negative acitivty, but NO anaerobic activity
Definition
Cefuroxime
Term

1st generation cephalosporins (3)

 

good gram +, limited gram - activity

Definition
Cephalexin, Cefadroxil, Cefaxolin
Term

also called "monobactam" it can be used in patients w/penicilin hypersensitvity

 

used for gram negative UTIs

Definition
Aztreonam
Term

this drug only has gram positive activity

 

it can cause red man syndrome or nephrotoxicity

Definition
Vancomycin
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