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Anti-anxiety
pharm test 2
19
Nursing
Graduate
05/30/2012

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Term
anxiety
Definition
is a state of feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, agitation, uncertainty and fear resulting from the anticipation of some threat or danger, usually of intra-psychic origin, whose source is generally unknown or unrecognized.This can have physical (tachycardia, trembling, pain, shortness of breath) and psychological symptoms (fear, apprehension, uneasiness).
Help (specifically medical help through medication and/or counseling, etc.) is necessary when excessive anxiety interferes with daily functioning
Term
anxiety categories
Definition
generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorders, phobic disorders, OCD, social anxiety dis, PTSD
Term
anxiety facts- stats, dx, sex, tx
Definition
females, responds well with treatment, greater than 50% of the pop will need tx with anxiety, one of most common psychiatric dx- about 25% of country
Term
what are most common meds used for anxiety?
Definition
sedatives and hyponics
(can be both low dose sedative high does hyponic)
Term
sedatives
Definition
reduce nervousness, excitability, or irritability by producing a calming or soothing effect
Term
hyponics
Definition
induces sleep
Term
what are the most common classes of anti anxiety meds
Definition
Benzodiazepines and SSRIs
Term
Nursing management required when dealing with sedatives/hypnotics
Definition
A thorough sleep study
Follow-up with results
Evaluate the effectiveness (expected outcome) of the meds
Education: the patient needs to be cautious about using heavy machinery or driving a car until the results are known
Term
Benzodiazepines
Definition
at least 2 benzodiazepine receptors have been identified (primarily located in the cerebellum and are thought the cause the anti-anxiety and/or sedative effects).
These enhance the inhibitory actions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA decreases the ability of the neuron to fire and therefore calms the neuronal action of the brain.
Main indications: anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, pre-op sedation, insomnia, seizure disorders, and neuromuscular diseases
Term
Benzodiazepines and older adults
Definition
should be monitored for paradoxical reactions- increased excitability, rage, hostility confusion and hallucinations
Term
Common benzodiazepines
Definition
Lorazepam (Ativan)(relax you at night)
Alprazolam (Xanax) (most common)
Diazepam (Valium) (IV push epilecticus)
Term
benzodiazepines SE/AR
Definition
drowsiness
hiccups (especially Versed)
loss of dexterity
dry mouth
N & V
HA
constipation
dizziness
Term
benzodiazepines drug interactions
Definition
be cautious with any other CNS depressant
Term
benzodiazepines nursing management
Definition
watch for S/S tolerance, dependency and withdrawal problems.
Taper off slowly to avoid withdrawal S/S
Careful titration to meet the needs of each client
if depression accompanies anxiety the suicidal tendencies are high.
Watch renal function closely
Term
Benzodiazepine-like meds
Definition
Zolpidem (Ambien)
Zaleplon (Sonata)
Eszopiclone (Lunesta
Term
SSRI meds
Definition
Fluoxetine (Prozac) the standard of the SSRI group
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Citalopram (Celexa)
Term
Barbiturates
Definition
The effect varies from mild sedation to deep anesthesia
Not utilized as analgesics, therefore, don’t assume that they will produce a restful sleep when sleep is produced.
Large doses will depress the motor cortex of the brain and depress the respiratory and vasomotor centers.
CAUSES HEAVY SEDATION
Term
common barbiturates
Definition
Pentobarbital (Nembutal)
Secobarbital (Seconal)
Phenobarbital
Term
Nursing Management pertaining to barbiturates
Definition
monitor for the potential for dependence, tolerance, abuse or misuse.
Assess the sleeping pattern
review the current medications to watch for interactions.
Continuously monitor for SE/Adverse reactions
education for beginning problems with usage (dizziness, drowsiness, etc.)
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