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Anthropology
ANT 100: Exam 2
47
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2014

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Term
Taxonomy
Definition
Is the discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics.
Term
Why science needed a new naming system
Definition
There was an error of great discovery where new organisms came under the eyes of scientist who realized a _______ was essential.
Term
Carl Linnaeus
Definition
A swedish biologist who published his first volume on taxonomy called Species in 1735.
Term
What was the first hominid species to expand out of Africa?
Definition
Homo Erectus
Term
H. habilis has been characterized cranially and postcranially. Cranially, it resembles the genus Homo; postcranially?
Definition
It resembles the australopithecines
Term
Acheulian
Definition
refers to stone tool kits with hand axes
Term
Four early homo species
Definition
Habilis, Erectus, Rudolfensis, and ergaster
Term
Lumping
Definition
As biologists discover new evidence, they reconsider their old ways of classifying fossil forms. This can result in _____ previously distinct species into one
Term
Oldowan
Definition
The earliest stone tools
Term
Split
Definition
Generally, closely related groups of organisms constitute distance species when they are on separate evolutionary tacks, which usually occurs because of lack of interbreeding between the two groups.
Term
Homology
Definition
When organisms share a trait due to common ancestry
Term
Binomial Nomenclature
Definition
s a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.
Term
How to write a scientific name correctly
Definition
Genus name + Species Name
Term
Where a scientific name comes from
Definition
They are based on phylogeny between taxa or relatedness between different groups.
Term
Outgroup
Definition
Makes it easier to determine which traits are primitive, because those are not helpful when determining evolutionary relationships
Term
Derived Traits
Definition
Traits that have just evolved in the most recent ancestor by the process of mutation
Term
Cladogram
Definition
An image that show an evolutionary relationship between different organisms, what traits an organism has, and common ancestry. You can not determine why an organism has specific traits from this method
Term
Homologous Trait
Definition
Trait that organisms share because of common ancestry
Term
Analogous Trait
Definition
Similar in different organisms because of adaptations to different environments
Term
Different organisms are listed at the top of a cladogram, while
Definition
Different traits are listed along the bottom
Term
Primitive Trait
Definition
Those traits that are inherited from a distant ancestor
Term
The five categories of characteristics, and the specific traits within each category, that distinguish primates
Definition
Hands and Feet, Senses, Brain, Parental Investment, Social Behavior
Term
Hands and Feet
Definition
Primates are characterized by having grasping ability, an opposable thumb and also a big toe, fingernails, and tactie pads on the end of the fingers and toes.
Term
Senses
Definition
Primates rely more on their sense of vision than their sense of smell
-Most primates, except for the nocturnal ones have color vision,
Term
What are the suborders of primates
Definition
Prosimii and Anthropoieda
Term
Bipedalism
Definition
Locomoting on two legs.
Term
Manuport
Definition
A natural object which has been moved from its original context by human agency
Term
Artifact
Definition
An object made by a human being, typically an item of cultural or historical interest
Term
Ecofact
Definition
Organic material found at an archaeological site that carries archaeological significance. Flora, fauna, they are brought to the site by hominin, and they are not modified.
Term
Feature
Definition
A collection of one or more contexts representing some human non-portable activity that generally has a vertical characteristic to it in relation to site stratigraphy
Term
Taphonomy
Definition
The study of how after death animal and plant remains become modified, moved, buried, and fossilized
Term
Hypotheses for origins of bipedalism
Definition
Hauling food, attracting mates, aquatic apes, weapons and tools, keeping cool, grabbing a bite
Term
Advantages of bipedalism
Definition
Would have allowed males to provide their mates and offspring with high-quality food as well as to help protect them from any looming dangers
Term
Disadvantages of bipedalism
Definition
Standing up in the grasslands to get an advanced view would have immediately announced to carnivores galore that a new entree had appeared on the menu, as well as the fact giving up quadrapedalism
Term
Skeletal differences between bipedal humans and Australopithecines
Definition
S-shaped spine, bowl shaped ilia, shorter pelvic bone, long lower limbs, spring ligaments and feet, spine entering the skull base, long femur necks, robust knee joints, short straight toes, large hip joints, shorter pelvic bone, angled thigh bones
Term
Quadrupedalism
Definition
Animals that move on four limbs,
Term
Facultative Bipedalism
Definition
Animals that assume bipedalism on a temporary basis in order to function
Term
Obligate Bipedalism
Definition
Aka habitual bipedalism, bipedalism as the only form of hominid terrestrial locomotion
Term
Asian Great Ape
Definition
Pongon abelli and p. pygmaeus
Sumatra Indonesia and Borneo
They are strictly arboreal, swinging through the trees by their long arms
Term
4 kinds of African Great Ape
Definition
Gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobos, and the human
Term
Ischial Callosites
Definition
Pads of calloused bare skin attached to the bone in the seat of the pants area, they help the monkey balance itself when sitting and sleeping on top of a branch
Term
Cheek Pouches
Definition
Internal membranes that open into the mouth through a split-like opening, they are used to store food that they will consume later
Term
Common Names of the Prosimians
Definition
Lemurs (Madagascar), lories (Africa), tarsier (Southeast Asia), and galagos (Asia)
Term
Mobiliary
Definition
Term
Fossil remains of our earliest human ancestors are found on which continent?
Definition
Africa
Term
Classifying Organisms
Definition
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
Term
Estrus Swelling
Definition
shows that female primates are ready to mate
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