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Anthropology Vocab - Ch. 9 "Language and Communication"
Wilson College Anthropology
17
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
02/25/2010

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Term
Language
Definition
A system of communication using sounds or gestures that are put together in meaningful ways according to a set of rules
Term
Signals
Definition
Instinctive sounds or gestures that have a natural or self-evident meaning
Term
Linguistics
Definition
The modern scientific study of all aspects of language
Term
Phonetics
Definition
The systematic identification and description of distinctive speech sounds in a language
Term
Phonology
Definition
The study of language sounds
Term
Phonemes
Definition
The smallest units of sound that make a difference in meaning in a language
Term
Morphology
Definition
The study of the patterns or rules of word formation in a language (including such things as rules concerning verb tense, pluralization, and compound words)
Term
Morphemes
Definition
The smallest units of sound that carry a meaning in the language. They are distinct from phonemes, which can alter meaning but have no meaning by themselves
Term
Syntax
Definition
The patterns or rules by which words are arranged into phrases and sentences
Term
Grammar
Definition
The entire formal structure of a language, including morphology and syntax
Term
Language Family
Definition
A group of languages descended form a single ancestral language
Term
Linguistic Divergence
Definition
The development of different languages from a single ancestral language
Term
Linguistic Nationalism
Definition
The attempt by ethnic minorities and even countries to proclaim independence by purging their language of foreign terms
Term
Sociolinguistics
Definition
The study of the relationship between language and society through examining how social categories (such as age, gender, ethnicity, religion, occupation, and class) influence the use and significance of distinctive styles of speech
Term
Gendered Speech
Definition
Distinct male and female speech patterns, which vary across social and cultural settings
Term
Dialects
Definition
Varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions, occupations, or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible
Term
Dialect
Definition
Varying forms of a language that reflect particular regions, occupations, or social classes and that are similar enough to be mutually intelligible
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