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| Study of humankind in all times and places |
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Human culture and biology must be broadly viewed due to the vast interconnections & interdependence
*Fundamental part of Anthropology |
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| Belief that one's own culture are the only proper ones |
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| Theories about the world and reality based on assumptions and values of one's own culture |
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Use of anthropological knowledge and methods to solve practical problems, often for a specific client
*Used by all fields |
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| A specialization that brings theoretical and applied approaches from cultural & biological anthropology to the study of human health * disease |
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The systematic study of humans as biological organisms
*a.k.a. Biological Anthropology |
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| A branch of biological anthropology that uses genetic and biochemical techniques to test hypotheses about human evolution, adaptation & variation |
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The study of origins and predecessors of the present human species
*Human evolutionary studies |
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| Focusing on the interaction of biology and culture |
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| The study of living and fossil primates |
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| Subfield of applied physical anthropology that specializes in the identification of human skeletal remains for legal purposes |
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The study of customary patterns in human behavior, thought & feelings. It focuses on humans as culture-producing and culture-reproducing creatures
*a.k.a. Social or Sociocultural anthropology |
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| A society's shared and socially transmitted ideas, values & perceptions, which are used to make sense of experience and generate behavior and are reflected in that behavior |
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| A detailed description of a particular culture primarily based on fieldwork |
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| The term anthropologists use for on-location (on-site) research |
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| In ethnography, the technique of learning a people's culture through social participation and personal observation within the community being studied, as well as interviews and discussion with individual members of the group over an extended period of time |
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| The study and analysis of different cultures from a comparative or historical POV, utilizing ethnographic accounts & developing anthropological theories that help explain why certain important differences or similarities occur among groups |
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| The study of human languages |
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| An extended communication on a particular subject |
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| The study of human cultures through the recovery & analysis of material remains and environmental data |
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| The archeological study of human remains, emphasizing the preservation of cultural and social processes in the skeleton |
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| Cultural Resource Management |
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CRM
A branch of archeology concerned with survey and/ or excavation of archaeological & historical remains threatened by construction or development and policy surrounding protection of cultural resources |
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| Based on observations of the world rather than on intuition or faith |
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| A tentative explanation of the relationships between certain phenomena |
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| In science, an explanation of natural phenomena, supported by a reliable body of data |
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| An assertion of opinion or belief formally handed down by an authority as true and indisputable |
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| Any object fashioned or altered by humans |
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| The durable aspects of culture such as tools, structures & art |
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| The preserved remains of plants & animals that lived in the past |
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| Stains that show up on the surface of recently plowed fields that reveal an archaeological site |
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| A refuse or garbage disposal area in an archaeological site |
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| A system for recording data in three dimensions from an archaeological excavation |
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| The starting, or reference, point for a grid system |
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Designating an event, object, or fossil as being older or younger than another
*Archaeology & Paleoanthropology |
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| Absolute/ Chronometric Dating |
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Dates for archaeological or fossil materials based on solar years, centuries, or other units of absolute time
*Archaeology & Paleoanthropology |
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| Members of the society being studied who provide information that helps the researchers understand the meaning of what they observe. Early anthropologists referred to such individuals as informants |
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| An unstructured, open-ended conversation in everyday life |
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| A structured question-answer session, carefully notated as it occurs and based on prepared questions |
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| Activities and objects used to draw out individuals and encourage them to recall and share information |
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| Human Relations Area Files |
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HRAF
A vast collection of cross-indexed ethnographic, biocultural, and archaeological data cataloged by cultural characteristics and geographic location. Archived in about 300 libraries (on microfiche or online) |
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| Formal recorded agreement to participate in the research. Federally mandated for all researchers in the US and Europe |
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| Worldwide interconnectedness, evidenced in global movements of natural resources, trade goods, human labor, finance capital, information, and infectious diseases |
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