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- Innate actions and narratives hat can be conducted through verbal, graphic, musical, interpersonal, demonstrative, numerically, naturalistically, or intrapersonal.
o Generally, the gathering of anthropological information not through writing but simply by observing, “delivering ‘facts’ without a story and to test for memory.” |
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| A written longitundal study of an ethnicity or cultural practice based on information obtained from fieldwork |
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- Writing facts down in order to make a better understanding
o Providing true facts, so that things aren’t backed-up with just memory or narratives, but by written information that’s collected by different people that can be used to back up information, and utilizing that information in order to apply it to make generalizations |
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| Augustine of Hippo, Aurelius Augustinus, "Tenants of Augstinian Christianity |
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- Concept of Body-Soul, that the unity of these two is perfect for each other. That there is a constant combat with each other
- “Tenants of Augustinian Christianity”
o God is inscrutable and perfect
o God had created Humans and the natural balance perfectly
o Everything knowable was revealed in scripture
- The tenants made science stagnant |
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- His work Summa Theological
o True essence of humanity was of God
o Human reason was a gift from God
o People should know God by knowing nature
- By saying this Aquinas said that it’s okay to conduct research because God gave us reason to explore |
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| Relationship between organisms and their environment |
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1. Humans who have sickle cell, inherited from both parents, they enter breeding populations less frequently
2. Carriers of the trait inherit it from only one parent, enter populations more frequently
3. Non-carriers are also part of the population most frequently |
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| - Occurs when genotype is more successful in transmitting genes to future generations. |
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| Theory -> Hypothesis -> Observation -> Confirmation |
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| Observation -> Pattern -> Tentative Hypothesis -> Theory |
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| Focuses in-depth observations and interactions, uses the inductive process, more subjective, in-depth in less cases, no statistical test, time-lighter, less generalizable |
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| Surveys, structured interview, uses the deductive method, more objective, less-in depth but more cases, more generalizable |
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Man The Hunter”
o Humans are biologically violent due to natural selection of their hunting nature, combination of environmental change, bi-pedalism, hunting, and aggression. |
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- Man The Hunter”
o Humans are biologically violent due to natural selection of their hunting nature, combination of environmental change, bi-pedalism, hunting, and aggression. |
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- “Evolution Chemistry”
o Cosmos eveolved as constituent elemts formed larger bodies that survived if they were useful |
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- “Biology and the basis for behavior” 5th Century B.C.
o Human minds, bodies, and behavior derived from changes in the size, shape, and velocity of constantly moving particles known as “atoms.” |
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- “Nature as an agent of change for organisms” 5th Century B.C.
o Observed diversity of people, language, and culture and attributed those distinctions to geography, climate, and to other features of the natural world |
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- Genus and Species
o Ideas about variations of plants and animals
Recognized that plants and animals could be categorized by their ability to reproduce with each other
• Called these species |
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- Standardized Taxonomy
o Standardized Ray’s Genus and Species in Systema Naturae
Used as a evolutionary diagram for the interconnectedness of species when for most of his career he believed in the “fixity of species” |
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- Adapt to the New Environment
o Believed that climatic conditions would in time change a group of organisms or that they would adapt to the new environment |
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- Adapt to the New Environment
o Believed that climatic conditions would in time change a group of organisms or that they would adapt to the new environment |
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o States that extincitions were caused by several catastrophic events
The areas of devastation were restocked from neighboring areas and also that God creation events occurred
Resolves that older species had in fact died out but were replaced by migration and newer versions of the same species made by God |
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- Uniformitarianism
o Believed that the geologic forces that we observe in the present are the same as the one’s which affected the earth’s past
Believed that it keeps happening constantly creating pressure to change the environment |
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- Sudden Changed in Communities
o Population is affected by the available resources
As the population exceeds the carrying capacity then a massive die-off occurs
• Made connections of populations within a community and the possibility of a rapid change in populations within it |
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- Natural Selection
o The basis of natural is that selective forces limit the breeding population and the subsequent offspring only have the heritable qualities of their parents |
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- Heritability
o In which one breeds, a unique genetic information passes through to the offspring |
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