Term
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Definition
1942 Court case defined "fighting words" as “words which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to
incite an immediate breach of the peace". Not protected by free speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| What the speaker intends by doing the speech act (i.e. warn, direct, inform, ask) |
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Term
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Definition
Perlocutionary force: How the speaker wants
the listener to respond to the act(i.e. pass the
butter, open the door, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| What the words mean referentially |
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Term
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Definition
| Authority, Citation, Context |
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Term
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Definition
Person doing the act has to somehow have
the authority to do it |
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Term
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Definition
The situation has to be seen as appropriate to
the act |
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Term
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Definition
The speech act has to be recognized as such.
In other words, the listener recognizes it as a repetition of a previously felicitous act |
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Term
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Definition
Using someone’s speech (esp. when that’s
the only information) to make assessments
about race, religion, social status or other
factors. |
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Term
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Definition
Using linguistic variation that normally indexes
(cites) a social group to which the speaker somehow
doesn’t “belong. |
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Term
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Definition
Using linguistic variation as a means of indexing
“otherness”. This highlights differences between groups, usually in a negative way. Often used for humor |
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Term
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Definition
Using linguistic variation that typically
indexes a particular group as a means of associating attributes of that group to the self |
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Term
| Symbolic revalorization of language |
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Definition
| When language attitudes symbolically replace attitudes about a particular social group |
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Term
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Definition
– Stage 8: Most users of the language are socially isolated and/or
elderly
– Stage 7: Most users of the language are beyond child-bearing years
– Stage 6: Oral proficiency in the language
– Stage 5: Literacy in the language that is not reinforced in the
schools or other communal contexts
– Stage 4: Use of the language in lower educational grades
– Stage 3: Some use of the language in work contexts involving
speakers of different languages
– Stage 2: Some use of the language in low level government and
media
– Stage 1: Some use of the language in high level education,
workplace, government and media |
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Term
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Definition
| Account of a linguistic system in as economical a set of abstract units and rules as possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| Observations of linguistic behavior and knowledge to create a lasting, multifunctional record of the linguistic practices attested at a given time in a given speech community and the knowledge that speakers have about these practices |
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