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Anthro Final Exam
Q's and A's
50
Anthropology
Undergraduate 2
12/11/2012
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Term
1. Which is NOT a reason that archaeology, of all the subfields of anthropology, is the most distinct?
 Definition
*b. it is essentially the popular activity of art collecting
Term
2. Historical archaeology refers to the study of:
 Definition
*c. begins with the beginning of written history in the region under investigation
Term
3. Prehistoric Archaeology is concerned with archaeological investigations of societies that existed prior to the beginning of written history. As a result:
 Definition
*d. All of the above
Term
4. When we interpret some archaeological data by observing similar artifacts in use among living cultures, we call it:
 Definition
*d. ethnographic analogy
Term
5. Which best describes the overall goal of archaeology?
 Definition
*c. the reconstruction of past cultural systems
Term
6. Test pits are used to:
 Definition
*b. determine if a potential site is a site and to decide exactly where to dig
Term
7. In terms of anthropological value, the single most important aspect of an archaeological dig is:
 Definition
*b. complete and accurate record-keeping
Term
8. Which of the following is used to establish horizontal control at a site?
 Definition
*a. a grid system
Term
9. Non-removable artifacts, such as, hearts, pits, & walls are referred to by archaeologists as?
 Definition
*d. Features
Term
10. An artifact is defined as?
 Definition
*b. An object made or modified by humans
Term
11. Modern archaeologists’ most fundamental desires are to?
 Definition
*c. Understand the human past
Term
12. Historical archaeologists in American focus on?
 Definition
*a. Immigrants who arrived in the last 500 years
Term
13. The first steps taken in most archaeological excavation is to:
 Definition
*a. Establish a datum & grid pattern system
Term
14. “Middens” are an archaeological term for:
 Definition
*c. Ancient trash piles
Term
15. Most of the artifacts that make up the archaeological record are
 Definition
*b. garbage
Term
16. Which refers to a kind of artifact, but is differentiated because they cannot be easily removed from an archaeological site?
 Definition
*a. features
Term
17. Pits are by far the most common
 Definition
*a. features
Term
18. What do archaeologists and paleoanthropologists usually restrict their search to?
 Definition
*c. sites
Term
19. What is created when the remnants of human activity are covered or buried by some natural process?
 Definition
*b. sites
Term
20. What allows archaeologists to recover a full range of artifacts and other materials while only excavating a small portion of a site?
 Definition
*b. sampling
Term
21. The "reading" of the archaeological record is called
 Definition
*c. analysis
Term
22. What refers to the relationship between and among artifacts and other materials?
 Definition
*a. context
Term
23. In anthropology, the term "culture" refers to
 Definition
*d. all the learned behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, values and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population
Term
24. The anthropological attitude that a society's customs and ideas should be described objectively and understood in the context of that society's problems and opportunities is called
 Definition
*b. cultural relativism
Term
25. The opinion that one’s own way of life is natural or correct and the only true way of being fully human is _______________.
 Definition
*c. ethnocentrism
Term
26. An extended period during which the anthropologist gathers data is called __________________________.
 Definition
*a. fieldwork
Term
27. A societyís techniques for acquiring food resources it its:
 Definition
*c. Subsistence Pattern
Term
28. Science is:
 Definition
*c. a method of inquiry
Term
29. In science, a proposed explanation for some natural phenomenon is called a(n):
 Definition
*a. hypothesis
Term
30. To refer to something as a theory means that it:
 Definition
*c. has been well supported by scientific testing
Term
31. A unique research strategy of anthropologists which involves learning the language and culture of a group by participating in the group's daily activities is called
 Definition
*D. participant observation
Term
32. The systematic study of the material remains of human behavior in the past is conducted by:
 Definition
*B. archaeologists
Term
33. The portable material products of former societies are known as:
 Definition
*A. artifacts
Term
34. _____ dating techniques place artifacts and sites in a general chronological order, though the exact date can be often unknown.
 Definition
*D. Archaeolgical
Term
35. The context of an artifact is important for an archaeologist to know because:
 Definition
*A. context can reveal valuable information about the artifact's use, age, and relationship to other artifacts and features
Term
36. Which of the following is not a Hollywood stereotype of archaeologists?
 Definition
*C. Archaeologists are trained professionals who try to reconstruct human behavior in the past
Term
37. Although most anthropologists agree on where Native Americans originated, they disagree about:
 Definition
*B. when the population migrations actually took place
Term
38. The site of Meadowcroft Rock Shelter has provided evidence to suggest that:
 Definition
*B. people were living in what is now the eastern US (near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) earlier than the well-dated ìClovisî people lived in North America
Term
39. The durable aspects of culture such as tools, structures, and art are known as _______________.
 Definition
*c. material culture
Term
40. Because it is something someone made, archaeologists like to say that a(n) _______________ is a product of human behavior.
 Definition
*b. artifact
Term
41. The purpose of a grid system is _______________.
 Definition
*a. to record the exact location of an artifact accurately, both horizontally and vertically
Term
42. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
 Definition
*d. none of the above is incorrect (all are correct)
Term
43. A place that indicates the presence of human occupants in the past (for example, evidence of a temporary hunting camp or more permanent village) is called an archaeological _______________.
 Definition
*d. site
Term
44. A system for recording the excavation of artifacts in which the excavation area is divided into squares and the contents of each square are carefully recorded is called _______________.
 Definition
*d. a grid system
Term
45. Archaeologists get clues about how an artifact was used by _______________.
 Definition
*d. analyzing its shape and signs of wear and tear
Term
46. Which of the following is not true of science?
 Definition
*c. It always provides the right answer to a question.
Term
47. It is essential that archaeologists take abundant, accurate, and detailed field notes during excavations because:
 Definition
*a. Archaeology destroys data as it is gathered; once a site is excavated it cannot be re-excavated.
Term
48. A test excavation would be most appropriate in which of the following situations?
 Definition
*b. When trying to determine a site's potential for answering a research question.
Term
49. When archaeologists dig excavation units, they are concerned with:
 Definition
*d. All of the above.
Term
50. Why do archaeologists use a datum point rather than simply measuring from the ground surface?
 Definition
*a. The datum point provides a universal reference point that can be used across any archaeological site, allowing archaeologists to easily compare data between excavations.
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