Term
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Definition
Discovered by Tim White 1994
5.8-4.4 MYa in Aramis Ethiopia,Middle Awash
Long powerful arms, thin enamel(chimp like)
foramen magnum shifted forward
OCT 2009 announced complete Ramidus Fossil
Primitive Cranium (-300cc)chimplike
long curved fingers, short thumbs
Abducted hallux (SIGNS OF ARBOREALISM)
pelvis shows bipedalism, short pelvis, broad, lateral ilium (BIPEDALISM) |
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Definition
Discovered by Brigitte Senut
6MYA East African Rift Valley
+Small Molars, thick enamel, large Canines
+Distal humerus, long curved fingers(SINGS OF CLIMBING)
+Cortical Bone, asymmetrical bidedalism
(version of Ardipithecus Ramidus) |
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Definition
| group of homininae that includes homo,pan,gorillas,and extinct relatives. |
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Definition
+Bipedal, walks upright
oldest hominin |
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Term
| Australopithecus Anamensis |
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Definition
found in 1995 in anapoi & allia bay
4.2MYA apelike
+prognathic +Big Cananine, honing & Apical Wear by premolar rubbing +Long arms, partly arboreal, bipedal tibia +thick enamel like humans +APELIKE SKULL |
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Term
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Definition
| hole in brain-case in which the medulla oblongota and the spinal cord connect. |
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Term
| Australopithecus Afarensis |
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Definition
LUCY is best specimen(AL 288-1) discovered by don Johanson & Maurice Taeib in 1976 in Hadar Ethiopia AWASH
+3.2-3MYA
+Bipedal (valgus knee),Lumbar Lordosis
+Shorter arms than homo, larger than chimp.
+long curved phalanx
BIPEDAL ON GROUND BUT COULD STILL CLIMB TREES EFFICIENTLY.
+ECV 430cc
+Big molars, thick enamel, canine reducuction
+primitive cranium, small brain
+arboreally suspensory adapted but Bipd |
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Term
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Definition
| Found post cranial version of A. Afarensis in Afar Depression in Ethiopia that is about 3.6MYA Similar to lucy but ribs and scapula less chimp-like |
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Term
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Definition
found humanlike footprints from 3.5MYA
belonged to A. Afarensis which had an abducted hallux. unlike chimps and Ardy. signaled towards bipedalism |
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Term
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Definition
| Found in Dikika 3.4 MYA. Also earliest eviddence of stone tools found here. |
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Term
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Definition
simplest form of stone tools.
2.5 MYA in Gona. Used to cut and chop pebbles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Animal bones with evidence of systematic butchery. (Bovid Tibia) |
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Definition
Discovered by Berhane Asfaw and Tim White
1996 Bouri Ethiopia
+Prognathic Upper jaw
+Big Brow Ridge, Small brain,
+small canines, big cheek teeth.
Earliest stone tools found with Garhi.
+FIRST SIGN OF ELONGATED HINDLIMBS
+ long chimp-like arms
+more efficient bipedalism. |
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Term
| Earliest Stone Tools (oldowan) Facts. |
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Definition
Made by hominins with ape sized brains.
used for scavenging and hunting.
used to butcher animals. |
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Term
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Definition
7-3MYa only slight trend towards increase in brain size
Ape size brains, larege robust skeleton
thick enamel.large cheek teeth. |
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Term
| Australopith food adaptations |
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Definition
| Thick enamel, large cheek teeth, smaller canines, loss of honing facet(sharpening of canine). |
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Term
| Australopith locomotive adaptations |
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Definition
| habitually biped, but retain certain climbing adaptations. |
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Term
| Why did bipedalism occur? |
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Definition
| although unknown, it may be a compromise for living in Savannah or foresty woodlands. |
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Term
| Louis and Mary Leakey discovered |
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Definition
| discovered oldowan tools at olduvai gorge, Tanzania |
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Term
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Definition
Discovered by Louis Leakey
+Big brain
+small cheek teeth
+"handy man"
+2.3-1.4 MYA |
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Term
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Definition
Orthognathic, small cheek teeth,ECV 509cc
+HOMO HABILIS (female)
FOUND IN KOOBI FORA |
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Term
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Definition
160KYA
HERTO, ETHIOPIA
ECV 1450 Intermediate between humans and Homo Sapien Neanderthalensis |
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Term
| Homo Sapien Neanderthalensis |
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Definition
200KYA in S.Europe & West Africa
short limbs
stocky body, barrel chested
cold adaptations |
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Term
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Definition
HOMO RUDOLFENSIS
DISCOVERED RICHARD L.
1.9MYA
ECV 770cc |
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Term
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Definition
HOMO ERGASTER
small cheek teeth
Discovered in koobi fora
850cc |
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Term
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Definition
Western shore of Lake Turkana
12-15 Yrsold
H. Ergaster
ECV 900cc
about 5"4 (TALL)
Long lengs, biped by habit |
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Term
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Definition
Big brain 800cc
Orthognathic
small cheek teeth
modern stature/ limbs
no climbing adaptations |
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Definition
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Term
| FIRST TO MAKE ARCHEULEAN TOOLS |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
FULLY BIPEDAL HOMO ERECTUS
DWARF VERSION OF ERECTUS
DISCOVERY IN 2009 BY PETE BROWN. MIKE N.(UNIV NE, AUSTRALIA) |
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Term
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Definition
| BIG GETS SMALL WHEN ON ISLAND FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME. |
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Term
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Definition
HAND AXES
1.4MYA-400KYA
MORE STEPS TO MAKE LAST LONGER THAN OLDWAN
GARDULA, ETHIOPIA
FOUND IN AFRICA, EUROPE, W. ASIA
NEVER IN EAST ASIA NEVER! |
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Term
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Definition
PETRALONA GREECE
350KYA
ECV 1230
ALSO IN ZAMBIA 300KYA |
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Term
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Definition
DUTCH ANATOMY PROF.
JOINED DUTCH LEGION TO FIND FOSSILS
INSPIRATION BY WALLACE
found TRINIL skullcap in INDONESIA/JAVA |
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Term
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Definition
FOUND BY EUGENE DUBOIS IN 1881 IN JAVA
ARCHAIC MORPHOLOGY
940cc 620KYA |
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Term
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Definition
| LONG LIKE MODERN HUMAN SIGN OF BIPEDALISM |
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Term
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Definition
1920's 40 individuals of HOMO ERECTUS FOUND
all lost in WWII
500KYA
1000cc
also alot of oldowan tools which were not associated with Erectus before that. |
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Term
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Definition
tools found near Neanderthalensis
made of flake not CORE
spear points for hunting
evidence of fire control |
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Term
| when did humans move across africa |
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Definition
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