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| A cluster of people beyond the domestic unit who are usually related o grounds other than kinship |
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| a social group in which members meet on a face-to-face basis |
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| a group of people who identify with one another on some basis but may never meet with one another personally. |
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| a group of people close in age who go through certain rituals, such as circumcision, at the same time. |
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| a group of young people, found mainly in urban areas, who are often considered a social problem by adults and law enforcement officials |
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| a set of hierarchical relationships among different groups as though they were arranged in layers, or "strata" |
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| a person's standing in society based on qualities that the person has gained through birth. |
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| a person's standing in society based on qualities that the person has gained through action |
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| a person's position, or standing, in society |
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| literally, a racial mixture; in central and south america, indigenous people who are cut off from their indian roots, or literate and successful indigenous people who retain some traditional cultural practices |
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| a dispersed group of people living outside their original homeland |
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| the dominance of men in economic, political, social, and ideological domains. |
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| the dominance of women in economic, political, social, and ideological domains |
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| a form of social stratification linked with hinduism and based on a person's birth into a particular group |
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| the preferred name for the socially defined lowest groups in the indian caste system. the name means "oppressed" or "ground down." |
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| the collection of interest groups that function outside the government to organize ecumenic and other aspects of life. |
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| the ability to take action in the face of resistance, through force if necessary |
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| the ability to take action based on a person's achieved or ascribed status or moral reputation |
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| the ability to achieve a desired end by exerting social or moral pressure on someone or some group. |
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| groups within a culture that are responsible for public decision making and leadership, maintaining social cohesion and order, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety from external threats. |
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| the form of political organization of foraging groups, with flexible membership and minimal leadership |
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| a form of political organization that comprises several bands or lineage groups, each with a similar language and lifestyle and occupying a distinct territory. |
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Term
| big-man system or big-women system. |
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Definition
| a form of political organization midway between tribe and chiefdom and involving reliance on the leadership of key individuals who develop a political following through personal ties and redistributive feasts. |
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| a strategy for developing political leadership in highland New Guinea that involves exchanging gifts and favors with individuals and sponsoring large feasts where further gift-giving occurs. |
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| a form of political organization in which permanently allied tribes and villages have on recognized leader who holds an office. |
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| a form of political organization in which a centralized political unit encompasses many communities, a bureaucratic structure, and leaders who possess coercive power. |
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| processes that, through both informal and formal mechanisms, maintain orderly social life. |
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| a generally agreed-upon standard for how people should behave, usually unwritten and learned unconsciously. |
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| a binding rule created through enactment or custom that defines right and reasonable behavior and is enforceable by the threat of punishment. |
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| the exercise of social control through processes of surveillance and the threat of punishment related to maintaining social order. |
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| a way of determining innocence or guilt in which the accused person is put to a test that may be painful, stressful, or fatal. |
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| critical legal anthropology |
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Definition
| an approach within the cross-cultural study of legal systems that examines the role of law and judicial processes in maintaining the dominance |
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| a concept of fairness based on social equality that seeks to ensure entitlements and opportunities for disadvantaged members of society. |
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| conflict based on perceived difference between divisions or sects within a religion. |
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| organized and purposeful group action directed against another group and involving lethal force. |
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| corporate social responsibility (CSR) |
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Definition
| business ethics that seek to generate profits for the corporation while avoiding harm to people and the environment. |
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| a group of people who share a language culture, territorial base, political organization and history. |
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