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| application of anthropological theories and medicines to questions of health, illness, medicine, and healing |
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| interconnectedness, interdependence |
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| a society's customs and ideas should be described objectively and understood in the context of that society |
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| formal, professional category |
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| incorporates the experience of the sufferer, perceptions of alterations in health informed by their broader social and cultural meanings |
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represent a case study that examines both biological and cultural causes of disease
They were affected by an illness called KURU, which is a wasting of the muscles which affects the brain
they couldn't explain it genetically, so they called in a biological anthropologist who said that the disease looks a lot like scrapie which is found in sheep
they practiced MORTUARY CANNIBALISM, part of preparing the body is ingesting parts of it (and only women do it)
-basically, people getting scrapie, how this biological disorder affects them due to their culture
(interaction between biology and culture) |
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| A disease typically seen in sheep that members of the Fore tribe were coming down with by way of mortuary cannibalism. |
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Exposure to infections early in life is actually protective in terms of future allergic disease
(we need to be exposed to infection to produce T1 cells which suppress the T2 cells from attacking allergens)
Autoimmune disorders as a result of being too clean.
Proof: kids in daycare have fewer allergies, large families, first born children more likely to have asthma |
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| includes infanticide, geronticide, sacrifice, and warfare (killing as a result of social constructs) |
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| removal of section of bone from the skull (remove evil spirits, illness, etc.) |
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| study of disease in ancient populations |
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| fore word for the symptoms typical of sheet with scrapie. includes trembling and basic degeneration of the muscles |
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| health and disease as reflections of relationships (within a population, between populations, among the physical components of a habit) |
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how cultural beliefs and practices shape human behavior
example: cultural practice in Vietnam aimed at avoiding Malaria (they built their houses on stills), cultural practice allows them to avoid disease |
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effects of political conflict, resource inequality
EXAMPLE: Malaria has different distributions in different places based on SES, wealthy people don't get it |
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eskimos
traditionally fully exploited their resources, remained part of the system without threatening its equilibrium
hunted to ensure low risk and high yield
excellent nutrition from high protein diet, every part of animal used
maintained warmth, better circulation, stockier build, leisure activities were acrobatic |
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-language of epidemiology
-language of clinical biomedicine
-lay language |
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| content of knowledge and practice |
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| place in which activities are conducted |
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draws distinctions between scientific system and traditional practices (biomedicine exempt from this kind of scrutiny), this category was set up in opposition to our system
-aspects of cultural system concerned with sickness and healing, focuses on
1. individual experience
2. knowledge, practice, meaning, interpretaiton
3. social, political, economic aspects
4. environment, ecology |
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naturalistic, religious, magical
-witchcraft and sorcery
-breach of taboo
-disease-object intrusion
-spirit intrusion
-soul loss |
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active, purposeful intervention of a sensate agent
-supernatural being: God
-nonhuman being: ghost, ancestor, evil spirit
-human being: witch, sorcerer
basically you did something bad to one of these people to deserve your sickness |
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| powers within them, identified by accusation |
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| proclaim their power, marketable skill |
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impersonal, functional, systematic, equilibrium
Balance= health
imbalance = illness
example: humoral systems |
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focus on the imbalance of bodily humors as cause for illness
4 humors: phlegm, blood, yellow bile, black bile (need to be in balance) |
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Traditional Chinese Medicine: focuses on vital energy
energy flow affecting well being |
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religious/traditional healers
treat illness by entering supernatural world
altered state of consciousness
posession |
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| recruitment, selection, and identification of healers |
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self-selection
selection by circumstance (pre-destination, disability/deformity, miraculous survival, inheritance of role)
Selection by others (community members, supernatural) |
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| compliance/non-compliance |
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| becomes an issue when imposing biomedicine onto people with differnet cultural beliefs. They often fail to comply with what their doctors recommend. This may not be due to an intentional disregard for a doctor's order, but a lack of understanding. |
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| The tendency to view things from the perspective of your own culture. |
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includes individuals who are identify themselves as part of the deaf community
view deafness as a difference, rather than a disability and are very proud of their deafness and happy about it (they wouldn't chose to be hearing) |
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island in the Pacific ocean in which many of the inhabitants are colorblind.
There was a terrible storm with few survivors. One was colorblind and after generations of inbreeding the number of colorblind people greatly increased. |
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