Term
| implications of domestication |
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Definition
land modification
population growth
surplus -> specialization
seeds for later civilization |
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Term
| how is the Great Wall an analogy for Chinese culture? |
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Definition
initially built in pieces, later connected into a larger whole
multiple pathways |
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Term
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Definition
writing in China
independently developed
logographic (symbols represent ideas not sounds)
maybe art, not writing
shared across several cultures |
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Term
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Definition
Jiahu 8.5 kya
Yangshao culture, Banpo 7 kya
Longshan culture 5 kya |
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Term
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Definition
N China
7 - 4.5 kya
farming, ag, ceremonial mounds
female figurines, ritual complex
jade |
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Term
| emergent N Chinese cultures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
5 - 3 kya
millet ag, farming, pottery (elaborate - dragons)
specific pattern for the villages w/fortifications |
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Term
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Definition
Yangshao site
6.5 kya
shaman burial, jade ornaments, mosaics of dragon and tiger |
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Term
| emergent S Chinese cultures |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
5 kya (europe 7 kya)
bronze age begins 4 kya |
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Term
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Definition
S China 3 - 2 kya
raised houses, jade, tombs w/offerings
slag, ingots, scraps, failed products, kilns for metallurgy |
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Term
| consequences of metallurgy |
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Definition
greater efficiency from better tools
less labor with higher yield
complex exchange systems - trade, knowledge
luxury items, specialized knowledge and production
conflict - weaponry, equipment, better killing, imbalance of power, competition |
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Term
| Liu and Chen - metallurgy |
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Definition
transition to metallurgy a long process
several complex societies were doing
Shang were 1st documented 3 kya |
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Term
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Definition
4.8-3 kya
not mentioned in any texts, but same time as Shang dynasty
palace, sacrifice, workshops
bronze, stone, gold, tusks, pottery
walled
complicated pathway to complex society |
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Term
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Definition
settlement in N China 4.3 kya
outer, inner, palatial terraces
skull pit, jade spade in wall, murals, carvings, stone head
copper/bronze bracelets in styles similar to other areas |
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Term
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Definition
Shimao example of complex pathway to urbanism, an unkown missing piece
central role in spiritual/political role
was there conflict with other cultures in how to use the space? violence, warfare? |
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Term
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Definition
yellow river area 5 kya
beer making? |
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Term
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Definition
Xia (2100-1600 BCE)
Shang (1600-1050 BCE)
Zhou (1045-256 BCE)
Qin (206-221 BCE)
Han |
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Term
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Definition
Xia written about by Confucious; 2100-1600 BCE
Erlitou cutlure 1900-1500 BCE
overlaps with Xia - still debated
palace, sophisticated items |
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Term
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Definition
location close to resources
tiered settlement hierarchy
social inequality seen in residences, burials
large temple-palace
bronze metallurgy - connection to magic? |
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Term
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Definition
overthrows Xia 1600-1050 BCE
cities w/rulers, social inequality, specialized tech/communication
writing was a privilege
2+ capitals: Huanbei 1250-1200 BCE and Yinxu 1200-1050 BCE (largest in world at time)
state-sponsored workshops |
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Term
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Definition
| ritually used bones found around Anyang (Yinxu) that ended up having writing on them |
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Term
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Definition
royal cemetery of Yinxu
tomb 54: high status military person |
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Term
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Definition
name for central burial pit w/sacrificial pits
victims and items |
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Term
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Definition
female general
elaborate, almost 2k items, 130 weapons
Fu Hao - married to king |
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Term
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Definition
| 475-256 BCE, end of Zhou dynasty |
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Term
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Definition
1045-256 BCE, overthrow Shang by mandate of heaven
walls built |
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Term
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Definition
Qin Shi Huang Di
standardizes script, currency, measurement, roads
unites N walls
admin structure
terracotta soldiers etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| crossbows/bronze triggers in terracotta army evidence of centralized control over craft production; complex manufacturing structure |
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Term
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Definition
low level food production - not ag, not h/g
main pattern for most
no automatic adoption of ag |
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Term
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Definition
Japan 400-300 BCE
after Jomon, before ag
metal, pottery - new style
farming was a quick change - Han? metal from mainland?
Han texts describe Wa people, Himiko |
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Term
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Definition
civilization leads to social inequality
spirituality common to all society
defining religion is hard
religion can be an enabler and a tool |
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Term
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Definition
debate on when, where
but once it starts, lots of change in burials, culture, metallurgy |
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Term
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Definition
benefits of adopting ag
cultural: feasting as a tool, political reputation/currency, luxury items, relationships
environmental: climate, population |
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Term
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Definition
rise of farming in Asia
food production not only reason - also clothes/textiles (identity) or feed animals |
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Term
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Definition
| domestication of bananas 6.8 kya in Papua New Guinea |
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Term
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Definition
Australia not necessarily pure ag
experimentation happening that we don't see evidence of
banana, taro, yam - wild in Australia but domesticated in New Guinea earlier
just because not found =/= not exist |
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Term
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Definition
not forest until 11-9 kya
8-6 kya increased diversity
7 kya on - intensified land use |
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Term
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Definition
Vietnam - 12-3 kya
stone tools, caves/rock shelters
tools found elsewhere - exchange, migration? |
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Term
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Definition
Malaysia 8 and 3 kya
burial site, sacred reuse
mammal bones, shellfish
graves indicated social equality |
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Term
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Definition
Thailand, began 38 kya
longest h/g reuse of a site |
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Term
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Definition
Thailand 11-7.5 kya
early cultivation |
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Term
| Bellwood hypothesis re: farming/language dispersal |
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Definition
archaeology: neolithic package moving S 5-3.5 kya; Phung Nguyen culture; Man Bac burial site; Dapenkang culture
linguistics: austronesian 5.5-4.5 kya consistent w/wet rice
genetics: no replacement of h/g, but dispersal from N |
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Term
| when did rice farming in SE Asia begin |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
independent craft production: for anyone; anyone can make; subsistence and luxury; obsidian blades
attached craft production: near elite residences; socially restricted; luxury or sponsored goods; imperial weapons or cloaks |
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Term
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Definition
imports around 350 BCE
smithing by 200 BCE |
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Term
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Definition
after Chulmun
1500-300 BCE |
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Term
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Definition
Japan 300 BCE - 300 CE, 40 hectares
settlement, cemetery, multiple walls
Han mirrors, jade, Munmun pottery - exchange, immigrants? |
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Term
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Definition
segregation and control of production
complex products = more control
drilling techniques for different consumers
marks on inside of beads: are workers or beads moving? |
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Term
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Definition
1500 BCE start
river/coast trade |
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Term
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Definition
Thailand 1500 BCE
mines, slag, crucibles, facilities, ingots, burials w/materials |
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Term
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Definition
Thailand 1500 BCE
bronze work could predate China's but can't corroborate |
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Term
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Definition
after 1500 BCE
Phung Nguyen |
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Term
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Definition
600 BCE - 200 CE Vietnam
Red River Valley
burials show things change due to bronze
status differentiation, wet-rice production
highly developed bronze industry |
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Term
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Definition
Au Lac - kingdom
An Duong Vuong - king
turtle, crossbow legend
middle construction of walls 300-100 BCE, before Han |
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