Term
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Definition
-proven false
-applies Darwin's postulates to groups, not individuals.
-Selection acts on individuals, and altruism does not benefit the individual.
-caller monkey examples. |
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Term
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Definition
-1964, W.D. Hamilton
-altruists associate SELECTIVELY with other altruists.
-benefits kin at one's expense.
-more altruists than non-altruists in a group, altruists have a higher net benefit than non-altruists.
-even if the POPULATION at large has more non-callers than callers, several specific GROUPS of related callers can emerge (selective association). |
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Term
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Definition
-Altruism favoured by natural selection if:
rb > c
b = sum of fitness benefits to all
r = coefficient of relatedness between them.
c = cost to giver |
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Term
| Coefficient of relatedness (r) |
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Definition
-shared parents between offspring
.5 if shared mother and father
.25 if one parent |
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Term
| Hamilton's rule predictions |
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Definition
1) altruism directed towards kin (r=0 for unrelated, rb cannot be > than c).
2) closer genetic relatedness favours more costly altruism. |
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Term
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Definition
-primates MUST be able to recognize kin
-phenotypic matching = likeness to self
-contextual cues = family, proximity, observe patterns of associations. |
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Term
| Maternal kin vs. Paternal kin |
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Definition
-maternal kin: easier to recognize maternal kin because you spend so much time with them (both being raced by same mother).
-paternal kin: harder to identify, but age-matching may work. |
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Term
| Kin biases in "altruistic" behaviour |
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Definition
-more likely to GROOM kin.
-more likely to create COALITION with kin. |
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Term
| Interactions with non-kin |
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Definition
-reciprocal altruism = between non-kin.
MUST be able to:
1. interact often
2. keep track of support given & received
3. provide support only to those who help back (hence reciprocal).
take-home message: NON-RANDOM SOCIAL INTERACTION. |
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