Term
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Definition
set of behaviours occurring in specific functional context.
Products of selection. |
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Term
| Currency to measure costs and benefits |
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Definition
| Reproductive success (RS): # of offspring surviving to reproductive age. |
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Term
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Definition
| Mammalian reproductive system constrains females in that they must CARRY and NURSE offspring (altriciality) |
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Term
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Definition
Fitness increases more through mating more, rather than settling down and caring for offspring.
will be less involved:
1) when attracting additional mates is easy.
2) when fitness of offspring raised by ONE parent is high (benefit of a father is marginal). |
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Term
| Causes of variation in RS: |
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Definition
females: need food
males: need mates |
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Term
| Dominance hierarchies within females |
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Definition
-Ranks develop when access to food is limited.
-Macaques = rank and group size
-Hannuman langurs = rank and age
-Chimpanzees = mother's rank influences survival to weaning offspring. |
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Term
| Females reproductive strategies |
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Definition
-socializing can positively influence RS.
-insulate some females from cost of low rank? |
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Term
| Male reproductive strategies (SEXUAL SELECTION) |
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Definition
-secondary sexual characteristics.
-favours phenotypes that increase success in competition for mates, rather than phenotypes that increase survival chances.
-helps explain traits that SEEM maladaptive. |
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Term
| Intersexual selection vs. Intrasexual selection |
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Definition
Intrasexual
-within sexes
-stronger within males
-primates
-fighting; winner gets mates. Leads to increased size (SEXUAL DIMORPHISM).
INTERSEXUAL
-mate choice
-stronger in females
-birds |
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Term
| Intrasexual comp. in single-male groups |
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Definition
-Male wins females, keeps other males out.
-other males keep trying to take over
-baboons, geladas, hanuman langurs |
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Term
| Intrasexual comp. within multi-male groups |
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Definition
-Females have estrus (able to reproduce for short time)
-female can mate with many males
-less direct competition
-increased sperm production
-dominance hierarchies may also form among males |
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Term
| Intrasexual comp. in pair-bonded males |
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Definition
-no competition for access to females
-RS depends on finding mates
-MATE GUARDING is a common rep. strategy. |
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Term
| Intersexual selection on primates? |
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Definition
-females want "quality males" due to their own high-investment in offspring.
-cryptic female choice (sperm storage)? |
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