Term
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Definition
1. pastoralism
2. hunter-gatherers
3. horticulture
4. Intensive agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
domestic animals
don't move around necessarily
present in modern societies |
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Term
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Definition
Small scale farming
still used hunting and gathering for main existence |
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Term
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Definition
| living off landscape instead of through domestication and agriculture |
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Term
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Definition
Large Scale
Society focused on domestication of plants and animals
Crops sold for profit |
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Term
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Definition
Animal/fossil remains
example: butcher marks on bones |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gut contents, coprolites, etc |
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Term
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Definition
Paleofeces analysis
eating anything they could find
starvation |
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Term
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Definition
studying bones and the like of humans
searching for abnormalities that suggest a certain lifestyle (wear on joints, etc)
Nutrition, diseases, cause of death, etc |
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Term
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Definition
Chemical tests to find out what was in jars, pots, etc
Tomb at Abydos - wine production
Beaker Culture
King Midas - huge feast, alcohol,lamb |
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Term
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Definition
Remains that come from animals:
Eggs
Milk
Cheese |
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Term
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Definition
| The science, art, or occupation concerned with cultivating lands, raising crops, and feeding, breeding, and raising livestock |
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Term
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Definition
to convert (animals, plants, etc) to domestic uses especially by generations of breeding
usually creates a dependency so that plant/animal loses ability to live in the wild |
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Term
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Definition
| population increased which in turn made hunting and gathering impossible for an entire society |
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Term
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Definition
| people would one up each other |
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Term
| Evolution and Intentionality |
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Definition
- humans and animals have worked with each other over time
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Term
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Definition
- smart guy thought of agricultre
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Term
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Definition
| end of ice age - populations gather at oasis |
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Term
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Definition
| mesopotamian valleys and a variety of plants and animals in hills |
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Term
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Definition
Squash
Beans
Corn
All amino acids necessary |
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Term
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Definition
| social acitivity sanctioned by society and directed against another group |
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Term
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Definition
Over a period of time and space
the need for food influences society over time |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
modern times
genocide, terrorism |
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Term
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Definition
indirect evidence of cannibalism
scientific rigor |
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Term
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Definition
| looking at what was done in the past and applying it today |
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Term
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Definition
Used it as a way to justify what they were doing
wanted to make the German race superior |
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Term
| 4 Categories of Social Complexity |
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Definition
Bands
Tribes
Chiefdoms
States |
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Term
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Definition
small scale (<100 people)
hunter-gatherers
egalitarian |
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Term
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Definition
few thousand people
settled farmers or pastoralists
egalitarian |
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Term
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Definition
Large Scale (5000-20,000)
Settled Farmers
Ranked Societies |
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Term
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Definition
Large Scale - tens of thousands
Settled farmers with division of labor and craft specialization
stratified societies |
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Term
| 9 Attributes of Increased Social Complexity |
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Definition
- high concentrated population
- diverse food quest
- food storage and preservation
- permanent settlements
- specialized subsistence technologies - hunting, fishing, etc
- specialized division of labor - craft specialization
- social ranking
- exchange of goods
- increased ceremonial life
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Term
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Definition
functions as a central place
specialized manufacturing
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Term
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Definition
centralized political institution
ruling elites w/ control over large populations
gather revunue from subjects
evidences:
large scale architecture
social stratification |
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Term
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Definition
centralized food distribution
organized government |
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Term
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Definition
political organization
conglomerate of different states - conquering and putting together
multilingual |
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Term
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Definition
cultural - span over state boundaries
same script/language
similar rituals and religion |
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Term
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Definition
evidence of social stratification:
- lots of gold
- sacrificed people |
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Term
| 4 Aspects of Architecture |
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Definition
Location
Size
Material
Decoration |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
settlement organization
central authority |
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Term
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Definition
remains from various other areas (S. Mexico)
Burros where different civilizations are evident
Complex, wide trade networks |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
long duree
Thespiai - survey; documenting location and density; city in Greece
Rural picture included |
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Term
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Definition
| different states from different areas that are working together |
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Term
| Mediterranean World System |
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Definition
4 major powers:
Minoans
Hittites
Egyptians
Miceneans
Shipwreck - trading ship with bronze, gold, ebony (Africa), and amber (Baltics) - shows complexity and trade
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Term
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Definition
Attempt to reconstruct prehistoric mindways thorugh material culture and art
Planned, and laid out monuments
valued materials
religious materials
Art |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of beliefes in supernatural beings and forces directed at helping people make sense of the world |
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Term
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Definition
1. Individualistic Cults
2. Shamanistic Cults
3. Communal Cults
4. Ecclesiastical Cults |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| when all the images show royalty and no poverty, the painters must have been elite |
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Term
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Definition
Mobile
Cave
Context dating
Radiocarbon Dating |
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